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Physical Review A

Hanle electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption resonances with a Laguerre Gaussian beam

J. Anupriya, Nibedita Ram, M. Pattabiraman

Published Apr 5, 2010• 44 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a computational and experimental study on Hanle electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption resonance line shapes with a Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beam. It is seen that the LG beam profile brings about a significant narrowing in the line shape of the Hanle resonance and ground-state Zeeman coherence in comparison to a Gaussian beam. This narrowing is attributed to the azimuthal mode index of the LG field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.043804

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 8, 2010•0 citations
We describe a computational and experimental study on Hanle electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption resonance line shapes with a Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beam. It is seen that the LG beam profile brings about a significant narrowing in the line shape of the Hanle resonance and ground-state Zeeman coherence in comparison to a Gaussian beam. This narrowing is attributed to the azimuthal mode index of the LG field.
We observe resonances with width 20 times below the natural linewidth for a probe laser on an optical transition, when the same transition is driven by a control laser with a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) profile. The basic mechanism is the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EITA). Aligning the Gaussian probe beam to the central hole in the LG control beam simultaneously allows a strong control intensity required for high signal-to-noise ratio and a low intensity in the probe region required to get narrow resonances. We observe these resonances on the D2D_2D2​ line of Rb in a room-temperature vapor cell and show that the linewidth is reduced by a factor of 4 compared to the use of a Gaussian control beam, which should prove advantageous in all applications of EITA.
We compared, experimentally and theoretically, Hanle electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) obtained using Gaussian and $\ensuremath{\Pi}$-shaped laser beams 3 mm in diameter. The study was done by measuring the transmission of a laser locked to the ${F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=3$ transition at the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in a vacuum cell. EIA linewidths obtained for the two laser profiles were significantly different in the range of laser intensities 111--444 mW/cm2{}^{2}2. EIA with the $\ensuremath{\Pi}$-shaped laser beam has a broad intensity maximum and linewidths larger than those obtained with the Gaussian beam profile. We also studied Hanle EIA by measuring the transmission of selected segments of the entire laser beam by placing a small movable aperture in front of the detector. Waveforms so obtained in Hanle EIA resonances were strongly influenced both by the radial distance of the transmitted segment from the beam center and by the radial profile of the laser beam. We show that outer regions of Gaussian beam, and central regions of the $\ensuremath{\Pi}$-shaped beam generate the narrowest lines. The different behaviors of EIA owing to different beam profiles revealed by both theory and experiment indicate the importance of the radial profile of the laser beam for proper modeling of coherent effects in alkali metal vapors.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a molecular three-level Λ system with permanent dipole moments (PDMs) and the control beam in Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) mode is investigated. The results are compared with the atomic system where the use of LG mode yields EIT linewidth narrower than that with Gaussian mode. It is shown that in contrast to the atomic system, the linewidth of EIT in the dipolar molecular system with LG mode can be narrower as well as broader than that with Gaussian mode depending on the strength of the effective laser-molecule coupling. Peculiar space dependence of Bessel function in the laser-molecule coupling is at the origin of this distinctive feature. The results are further augmented by a discussion on PDM-mediated multi-photon absorption and multi-photon EIT profiles with LG and Gaussian modes.
Influence of two different laser beam profiles, the Gaussian and the Π (top hat) profile on the resonance line widths and amplitudes in the Hanle electromagnetically induced transparency was studied.The laser beam propagates through the vacuum Rb glass cell.Studies were done at D 1 line for the open 87 Rb: F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition.Hanle electromagnetically induced transparency was measured for the two beam profiles with the same total power and beam diameter and experimental results showed that Gaussian and the top hat profiles give different amplitudes and widths of the Hanle resonances.Resonances obtained from the top hat laser beam profile have lower amplitudes and higher line widths.
Experimental and theoretical analyses show the effect of laser beam radial intensity distribution on line-shapes and line-widths of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We used Gaussian and Π (flat top) laser beam profiles, coupling the D1 transition of 87Rb atoms in the vacuum cell in the Hanle experimental configuration. We obtained non-Lorentzian EIT line-shapes for a Gaussian laser beam, while line-shapes for a Π laser beam profile are very well approximated with Lorentzian. EIT line-widths, lower for Gaussian than for Π, show nonlinear dependence on laser intensity for both laser beam profiles. EIT amplitudes have similar values and dependence on laser intensity for both laser beams, showing the maximum at around 0.8 mW cm−2. Differences between the EIT line-shapes for the two profiles are mainly due to distinct physical processes governing atomic evolution in the rim of the laser beam, as suggested from the EIT obtained from the various segments of the laser beam cross-section.
We present Hanle electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances obtained from the outer parts of the Gaussian laser beam. The signal from the outer parts only was obtained by placing circular opaque masks of different diameters in the center of the laser beam just in front of the detector. The Hanle EIT resonances obtained in that way are narrower and for high laser intensities even more contrasted. Suggested explanation for the line narrowing is based on lower power broadening in the wings of the Gaussian laser beam as well as on the traversing of the coherently prepared atoms through the beam. The resonance contrast to linewidth ratio, when the central part of the beam is blocked, is higher or equal to the ratio obtained when the whole laser beam is detected, for all laser intensities used in the experiment. Due to high ratio of contrast and linewidth, resonances obtained in proposed way could be useful in frequency metrology and magnetometry.