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Physical Review A

Saturated absorption signals for the Cs D2 line

Kang‐Bin Im, Hye-Yun Jung, Cha‐Hwan Oh, Seok-Ho Song, Pill-Soo Kim, Hoseong Lee

Published Feb 13, 2001• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The change of saturated absorption spectra of the Cs ${D}_{2}$ line were measured with the pump beam intensity. The line shapes of the resonance signals, especially for the cyclic transition $F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{4}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5,$ were very sensitive to the pump beam intensity. We suggested a simple model that phenomenologically describes the change of the line shape of the resonance signal with the pump beam intensity.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.63.034501

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The change of saturated absorption spectra of the Cs D2{D}_{2}D2​ line were measured with the pump beam intensity. The line shapes of the resonance signals, especially for the cyclic transition F=4\ensuremath→F\ensuremath′=5,F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{4}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5,F=4\ensuremath→​F\ensuremath′=5, were very sensitive to the pump beam intensity. We suggested a simple model that phenomenologically describes the change of the line shape of the resonance signal with the pump beam intensity.
The line shape of the saturated absorption spectra of the 133Cs D2 line was examined. In particular, the resonance signal for the transition from 6S1/2, F=4 to 6P3/2, F ′=5 was carefully examined and found to be very sensitive to the saturating beam intensity and magnetic field, which was due to the population redistribution of the ground hyperfiue level. When the polarizations of the saturating and probing beams were linear and their directions were parallel, even the chage of sign was observed. The magnitude and linewidth of the signal were controlled by adjusting the saturating beam intensity and the magnetic field as well as the laser polarization.
We studied the nonstationary phenomena for the saturated absorption spectra peaks of the 87Rb D2 line by varying the diameter and the intensity of a pump laser beam. We found that the dependence of the magnitude of the signals on the variation of the beam diameter was almost equivalent to that of the pump beam intensity both experimentally and theoretically. However, we observed that the signals for the cycling transition line Fg=2→Fe=3 were different from each other, which could be explained by the saturation effect. We compared the experimental results with theoretical calculations based on the rate equation model. We observed good agreement between them.
The saturated absorption spectrum of Cs D 2 line has been measured by using a diode laser.The anomalies of the line intensities in the closed transitions are detected at several polarization configuration of the pump and probe beams.Weak magnetic fields of parallel and perpendicular to the laser beam are applied to identify the population trapping effect in the closed transition of F ′′ = 3 → F ′ = 2 and F ′′ = 4 → F ′ = 5.In case of the F ′′ = 3 → F ′ = 2 transition, the line intensity is controlled by polarization configuration and external magnetic field.
Absorption and fluorescent spectra are obtained in saturation regime of a single beam laser spectroscopy of Cesium D2 line, in a vapor layer with thickness close to the light wavelength. We compare experimentally and theoretically obtained spectra distinguishing between open and closed, in terms of optical pumping, hyperfine transitions. In absorption, we observe a persisting difference between open and closed transitions, in terms of Dicke narrowing, when increasing laser light intensity. In fluorescence, for open transitions we note saturation dips which do not change significantly when increasing intensity. In case of closed transition, a small feature at the fluorescence line center appears for relatively high light intensity.
We demonstrate a new technique for saturated-absorption spectroscopy by use of copropagating beams that does not have the problem of crossover resonances. The pump beam is locked to a transition, and its absorption signal is monitored while the probe beam is scanned. As the probe comes into resonance with another transition, the pump absorption is reduced and the signal shows a Doppler-free dip. We use this technique to measure hyperfine intervals in the D2 line of 85Rb with a precision of 70 kHz and to resolve hyperfine levels in the D2 line of 39K that are less than 10 MHz apart.
The relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals of 85Rb and Cs D2 lines in saturation spectroscopy were calculated theoretically, taking into account the optical pumping process in a four-level system. The optical pumping effect in saturation spectroscopy is important when atoms with long-lived lower states are pumped by a weak beam. The theoretical results calculated from a simple analysis without any knowledge of the saturation parameters were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results on Rb and Cs D2 lines previously obtained using semiconductor laser.