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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Line Shape of Saturated Absorption Spectra of Cs D2 Line

Cha‐Hwan Oh, Shin-ichi Ohshima Shin-ichi Ohshima

Published Nov 1, 1994• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The line shape of the saturated absorption spectra of the 133Cs D2 line was examined. In particular, the resonance signal for the transition from 6S1/2, F=4 to 6P3/2, F ′=5 was carefully examined and found to be very sensitive to the saturating beam intensity and magnetic field, which was due to the population redistribution of the ground hyperfiue level. When the polarizations of the saturating and probing beams were linear and their directions were parallel, even the chage of sign was observed. The magnitude and linewidth of the signal were controlled by adjusting the saturating beam intensity and the magnetic field as well as the laser polarization.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.33.6350

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•May 1, 2014•3 citations
The line shape of the saturated absorption spectra of the 133Cs D2 line was examined. In particular, the resonance signal for the transition from 6S1/2, F=4 to 6P3/2, F ′=5 was carefully examined and found to be very sensitive to the saturating beam intensity and magnetic field, which was due to the population redistribution of the ground hyperfiue level. When the polarizations of the saturating and probing beams were linear and their directions were parallel, even the chage of sign was observed. The magnitude and linewidth of the signal were controlled by adjusting the saturating beam intensity and the magnetic field as well as the laser polarization.
The change of saturated absorption spectra of the Cs D2{D}_{2}D2​ line were measured with the pump beam intensity. The line shapes of the resonance signals, especially for the cyclic transition $F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{4}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5,$ were very sensitive to the pump beam intensity. We suggested a simple model that phenomenologically describes the change of the line shape of the resonance signal with the pump beam intensity.
The saturated absorption spectrum of Cs D 2 line has been measured by using a diode laser.The anomalies of the line intensities in the closed transitions are detected at several polarization configuration of the pump and probe beams.Weak magnetic fields of parallel and perpendicular to the laser beam are applied to identify the population trapping effect in the closed transition of F ′′ = 3 → F ′ = 2 and F ′′ = 4 → F ′ = 5.In case of the F ′′ = 3 → F ′ = 2 transition, the line intensity is controlled by polarization configuration and external magnetic field.
The excited state population distribution created by 6S1/2 --> 6P3/2 laser excitation in room temperature cesium vapor mixed with Ar was quantitatively analyzed applying absorption and saturation spectroscopy. A simple method for the determination of the excited state population in a single excitation step based on the measurements of the saturated and unsaturated absorption coefficients was tested. When the line profile is nearly pure Doppler and the laser linewidth is much smaller than the inhomogeneous linewidth but comparable with homogeneous linewidth, the fraction N(v(z)) of the atoms in the ground state that are able to absorb under inhomogeneous broadening conditions can be determined. The transmission of the medium in the center of the Doppler envelope of the strong h. f. component of the CsD2 line due to hyperfine pumping alone amounts to approximately 5%. The assumption that has been made is that the lower-state hyperfine levels are populated in a statistical ratio. The absorption coefficients were measured for a series of P852 powers between 20 microW and 2. 5 mW. The velocity selective population density in the 6P3/2 state was obtained. The population in the 6P3/2 level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Cs hollow cathode lamp. The agreement between the results obtained in these two ways is very good. It was shown that 5% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser. The argon caused line broadening and therefore increased the effective pumping rate in the first excitation step. The dependence of the 852 nm line fluorescence intensity was plotted against the population in the 6P3/2 level determined from the saturation absorption. This can serve as confirmation of the reliability of the method used for the determination of the excited state population.
Abstract In a plane perpendicular to a magnetic field a collimated cesium beam was crossed at right angles by a pump laser beam. Cs2 molecules were excited to the D1Σu+ (v = 46, J = 54) level, which predissociated selectively to Cs(6s2S1/2) + Cs(6p2P3/2) atoms. The mj-resolved excitation spectra of the Cs(8s2S1/2,m′j ← 6p2P3/2,mj) transitions at a magnetic field of 1.91 kG were measured using a probe laser beam propagated either along the magnetic field or along the pump beam. The population of Cs(6p2P3/2,mj) atoms was found to be in the ratio 77 : 136 : 100 : 46 for mj = 3/2, 1/2, −1/2, and −3/2 based on an analysis of the line intensities. From the line shapes of the excitation spectra, Cs(6p2P3/2,±1/2) atoms were found to recoil predominantly parallel to the magnetic field H, and Cs(6p2P3/2,±3/2) atoms were found to recoil predominantly perpendicular to H.
Absorption and fluorescent spectra are obtained in saturation regime of a single beam laser spectroscopy of Cesium D2 line, in a vapor layer with thickness close to the light wavelength. We compare experimentally and theoretically obtained spectra distinguishing between open and closed, in terms of optical pumping, hyperfine transitions. In absorption, we observe a persisting difference between open and closed transitions, in terms of Dicke narrowing, when increasing laser light intensity. In fluorescence, for open transitions we note saturation dips which do not change significantly when increasing intensity. In case of closed transition, a small feature at the fluorescence line center appears for relatively high light intensity.
The evolution of the populations of the magnetic sublevels of the cesium atom (133Cs isotope) in resonant laser fields with linear polarization is analyzed using the equations for the density matrix. Analytic expressions are derived for stationary populations resulting from laser-induced optical transitions on the hyperfine structure components F g = 3 ↔ F e = 2, 3 and F f = 4 ↔ F e = 3, 4 of lines D1 (62S1/2 → 62P1/2) and D2 (62S1/2 → 62P3/2) depending on the initial values of the populations. The numerical solution of the evolution equations gives the characteristic times of stabilization of the steady regime as functions of laser field intensities and detuning from optical resonance. We determine the sequences of optical transitions increasing (by more than an order of magnitude) the population of the lower sublevel 62S1/2F g = 3 M = 0 of the “clock” microwave transition F g = 3 M = 0 ↔ F f = 4 M = 0 in the cesium frequency standard, which increases the signal intensity in the recording system by the same proportion.