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Optics Express

Local conversion of four Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen photon pairs into four-photon polarization-entangled decoherence-free states with non-photon-number-resolving detectors

Hong‐Fu Wang, Shou Zhang, Ai‐Dong Zhu, X. X. Yi, Kyu-Hwang Yeon

Published Nov 29, 2011• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a linear-optics-based scheme for local conversion of four Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen photon pairs distributed among five parties into four-photon polarization-entangled decoherence-free states using local operations and classical communication. The proposed setup involves simple linear optical elements and non-photon-number-resolving detectors that can only distinguish between the presence and absence of photons, and no information on the exact number of photons can be obtained. This greatly simplifies the experimental realization for linear optical quantum computation and quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1364/oe.19.025433

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We propose a linear-optics-based scheme for local conversion of four Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen photon pairs distributed among five parties into four-photon polarization-entangled decoherence-free states using local operations and classical communication. The proposed setup involves simple linear optical elements and non-photon-number-resolving detectors that can only distinguish between the presence and absence of photons, and no information on the exact number of photons can be obtained. This greatly simplifies the experimental realization for linear optical quantum computation and quantum information processing.
We obtain a four-photon polarization-entangled state with a visibility as high as $(95.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.45)%$ directly from a single down-conversion source. A success probability of $(81.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.38)%$ is observed by applying this entangled state to realize a four-party quantum communication complexity scenario, which comfortably surpasses the classical limit of 50%. As a comparison, two Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs are shown to implement the scenario with a success probability of $(73.89\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.33)%$. This four-photon state can also be used to fulfill decoherence-free quantum information processing and other advanced quantum communication schemes.
We present a scheme to produce an entangled four-photon W state by using linear optical elements. The symmetrical setup of linear optical elements consists of four beam splitters, four polarization beam splitters, and four mirrors. A photon Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair and two single photons are required as the input modes. The projection on the W state can be made by a four-photon coincidence measurement. Further, we show that by means of a horizontally oriented polarizer in front of one detector, the W state of three photons can be generated.
We propose a simple experimental scheme for preparing a four‐photon polarization entangled state which plays important roles for quantum information processing. By using the four‐photon entangled state, we also present a scheme of a controlled‐NOT gate through teleportation, in which both path and polarization freedoms of photons are utilized. These schemes are constructed with four photons from parametric down‐conversion, linear optical devices, and conventional photon detectors, all of which are available in current technology.
We present a linear optical scheme for implementing two-bit discrete quantum Fourier transform based only on simple linear optical elements, a pair of two-photon polarization entangled states, and the conventional photon detectors that only distinguish between the presence and absence of the photons. The scheme can be implemented with a certain success probability, and the implementation of the scheme in experiment would be an important step towards more complex linear optical quantum computation.