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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Synchronized Fiber Lasers for Efficient Coincidence Single-Photon Frequency Upconversion

Kun Huang, Xiaorong Gu, Pan Haifeng, E Wu, Heping Zeng

Published Feb 3, 2011• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a compact synchronized fiber laser system that enables fast and efficient coincidence single-photon frequency upconversion detection. Robust synchronization between the pump and signal pulses was achieved with a long-term stability. Moreover, the synchronized pulses were wellmatching in both of the time and spectrum domains. As a result, a coincidence single-photon frequency upconversion was realized with a conversion efficiency of 91.8% and low background counts around 2.8 × 103s-1.

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2010.2102005

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We experimentally demonstrate a compact synchronized fiber laser system that enables fast and efficient coincidence single-photon frequency upconversion detection. Robust synchronization between the pump and signal pulses was achieved with a long-term stability. Moreover, the synchronized pulses were wellmatching in both of the time and spectrum domains. As a result, a coincidence single-photon frequency upconversion was realized with a conversion efficiency of 91.8% and low background counts around 2.8 × 103s-1.
We experimentally demonstrated a high-performance frequency upconversion detector for telecom-band photons based on a passively synchronized fiber laser system. The involved coincidence pumping technique enabled to spectrally convert the pulsed infrared photons into the visible regime with a conversion efficiency of 72%. The overall detection efficiency of the upconversion detector reached to 30% with a low noise equivalent power of 3 × 10-17W/Hz1/2. In contrast to previous demonstrations, the whole upconversion detection system was constructed in an all-polarization-maintaining fiber structure, thus favoring substantial improvement of compactness and robustness. Moreover, the long-term stability was manifested by at least ten-hour operation with a relative fluctuation of count rates as small as 0.26%. The achieved features here would be desirable in many practical applications requiring efficient and robust coherent manipulation of pulsed optical fields by nonlinear frequency conversion.
Single-photon signals at 1.56 ¿m were converted into the visible region by sum-frequency generation, with synchronous pump pulses at 1.03 ¿m in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The signal and pump sources were provided by two synchronized mode-locked fiber lasers at the operation rate of 7.88 MHz. Such a high-speed single-photon upconversion system has shown an overall detection efficiency of 10.4%. The corresponding background noise was measured to be 3.3 × 103s-1. The noise-equivalent power in this scheme was 9.93 × 10-17W/Hz1/2, which was the lowest compared to the other upconversion systems with similar pump and signal wavelengths.
We demonstrate efficient single-photon detection at 1.04 μm with quite low background counts by using the frequency upconversion detection technique with pulsed single-photon source and strong pump field prepared from two synchronized fiber lasers. Temporal and spectral control of the pump and signal lasers enabled an upconversion efficiency of 81.1%. As the system was pumped at a wavelength longer than that of the signal, the corresponding background counts were reduced down to 1.5×103 s−1 due to efficient suppression of parametric fluorescence in the periodic poled lithium niobate crystal.
We demonstrate an efficient mid-infrared single-photon detection system with ultra-low background counts based on the frequency upconversion detection technique. The signal photons of 3.39 μm came from a He–Ne laser and the pump beam was provided by a mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Taking into account the pulsed pumping and continuous-wave signaling scheme, the peak conversion efficiency of 64% was achieved at an average pump power of 28.3 mW. The corresponding detection efficiency was inferred to be 6.1% with ultra-low background counts of 400 s −1 .
We demonstrate photon-number-resolving detection based on coincidence frequency upconversion. Pumped by synchronized pulses, the photon signal of the coherent state at 1.04 μm was upconverted into visible replicas with preserved photon number distribution. The upconverted photons were then registered by a silicon multipixel photon counter. The photon-number-resolving performance was improved by reducing the background counts with a synchronous pump as the coincidence gate and reducing the intrinsic parametric fluorescence influence with long-wavelength pumping. A total detection efficiency of 3.7% was achieved with a quite low noise probability per pulse of 0.0002.
A single-photon signal at 1.55 microm was converted to the visible region by sum-frequency mixing with a strong pumping beam at 1064 nm in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser cavity. As the intracavity pump laser could be automatically stabilized without cavity lock, robust long-term stability was demonstrated for single-photon frequency upconversion, with a conversion efficiency of 74.3%. Such a stable single-photon upconversion was demonstrated to be efficient and robust for single-photon counting at 1550 nm, and the corresponding background noise was measured at less than 420 x 10(3) s(-1).