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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

A multipli-entangled photon source for cluster state generation

Corey J. Peters, Michael L. Fanto, Paul M. Alsing, A. Matthew Smith, Timothy P. Genda, Reinhard K. Erdmann, Enrique J. Galvez

Published May 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper expands upon prior work on an entangled photon source generating six pairs of photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a single pass configuration. Experimental results measuring entangled photons at 810 nm are shown and other wavelength regimes will be discussed. The design and fabrication considerations for a group velocity matched (GVM) superlattice photon source are discussed. An application of this source enables various multiqubit cluster states to be generated in a compact unidirectional configuration. This configuration simplifies the interferometric stability for any associated feed-forward methods required in photon-based quantum logic circuitry.

DOI
10.1117/12.920033

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This paper expands upon prior work on an entangled photon source generating six pairs of photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a single pass configuration. Experimental results measuring entangled photons at 810 nm are shown and other wavelength regimes will be discussed. The design and fabrication considerations for a group velocity matched (GVM) superlattice photon source are discussed. An application of this source enables various multiqubit cluster states to be generated in a compact unidirectional configuration. This configuration simplifies the interferometric stability for any associated feed-forward methods required in photon-based quantum logic circuitry.
In this work, we discuss a novel compact source that generates six pairs of entangled photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a single pass of a pump beam through a crystal assembly. The experimental demonstrations reported are at 810 nm so as to utilize high quantum efficiency Si-APD detectors, but the design can be readily implemented in other wavelength regimes including the telecom bands near 1550 nm. An immediate application of this source enables particular multi-qubit cluster states to be generated in a highly compact unidirectional configuration. This can significantly simplify the interferometric stability, as well as feed-forward methods required in photon-based quantum logic circuitry.
1. ABSTRACT In this work, we discuss a novel compact source that generates six pairs of entangled photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a single pass of a pump beam through a crystal assembly. The experimental demonstrations reported are at 810 nm so as to utilize high quantum efficiency Si-APD detectors, but the design can be readily implemented in other wavelength regimes including the telecom bands near 1550 nm. An immediate application of this source enables particular multi-qubit cluster states to be generated in a highly compact unidirectional configuration. This can significantly simplify the interferometric stability, as well as feed-forward methods required in photon-based quantum logic circuitry.
This thesis deals with the production of entangled photons using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). We start with a short overview of some important theoretical concepts. First we provide a brief reminder of the theory of entanglement. We then discuss how the state of quantum systems can be determined using quantum state tomography. We also explain SPDC, the physical process which we use to produce entangled photons. Finally, we give an overview of the methods which have been used to produce entangled photons in the past, both for two- and three-photon entanglement. \n \nThe first experiment is the design of an efficient source of entangled photon pairs based on a polarizing Sagnac interferometer configuration. With this configuration, we can use quasi-phasematched materials which allow for higher efficiencies than standard bulk nonlinear materials. The source is pumped by a low-power continuous-wave laser diode, and produces degenerate photon pairs at 809nm. It has a spectral brightness of 87,500 pairs/(s mW nm), and the fidelity of the produced quantum states with a Bell state is 98.9%. The source is used for experiments in quantum key distribution, cluster state quantum computing, remote state preparation, state discrimination, and entanglement-enhanced classical communication. \n \nThe second experiment discussed in this thesis is the generation of photon triplets using cascaded SPDC. In this experiment, a primary SPDC source is pumped with a low-power, continuous-wave laser diode, producing photon pairs. Single photons from these pairs serve as the pump for a second down-conversion, resulting in photon triplets. This is the first demonstration of the direct production of photon triplets, and the first observation of SPDC at the single photon level. This method could potentially be used to produce entangled photon triplets without post-selection, and as a source of triggered Bell pairs.
Multipartite entangled states are an essential building block for advanced quantum networking applications. Realizing such tasks in practice puts stringent requirements on the characteristics of the states in terms of fidelity and generation rate, along with a desired compatibility with telecommunication network deployment. Here, we demonstrate a photonic platform design capable of producing high-fidelity Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, at telecom wavelength and in a compact and scalable configuration. Our source relies on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a layered Sagnac interferometer, which only requires a single nonlinear crystal. This enables the generation of highly indistinguishable photon pairs, followed by entanglement fusion to create four-qubit polarization-entangled GHZ states with fidelity up to (94.73±0.21)% with respect to the ideal state, at a rate of 1.7 Hz. We provide a complete characterization of our source and highlight its suitability for practical quantum network applications.