Optics Letters

7S_1/2→9S_1/2 two-photon spectroscopy of trapped francium

J. E. Simsarian, W. Shi, Luis A. Orozco, Gene D. Sprouse, W. Z. Zhao

Published Dec 1, 1996• 38 citations

Abstract

We report on the spectroscopic measurement of the (210)Fr 9S(1/2) energy obtained by two-photon excitation of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optic trap. The resonant intermediate level 7P(3/2) is the upper state of the trapping transition. We have measured the energy difference between the 9S(1/2) state and the 7S(1/2) ground state to be 25 671.021 +/- 0.006 cm(-1).

DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.001939

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Optics Letters

7S_1/2→9S_1/2 two-photon spectroscopy of trapped francium

J. E. Simsarian, W. Shi, Luis A. Orozco, Gene D. Sprouse, W. Z. Zhao

Published Dec 1, 1996• 38 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.001939

Related papers

Two-photon spectroscopy of the francium 8S1/2 level

J. E. Simsarian, W. Z. Zhao, Luis A. Orozco +1 more

We report the spectroscopy of the ${8S}_{1/2}$ energy level in ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ by two-photon excitation of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The resonant intermediate level is the upper state of either the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition or the ${7P}_{1/2}$ repumping transition. The center-of-gravity energy difference between the ${7S}_{1/2}$ ground level and the ${8S}_{1/2}$ level is $19732.523\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ The hyperfine separation of the ${8S}_{1/2},F=11/2$ and $F=13/2$ states is $10256\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7 \mathrm{MHz},$ giving a magnetic dipole hyperfine constant A of $1577.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1 \mathrm{MHz}.$We report the spectroscopy of the ${8S}_{1/2}$ energy level in ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ by two-photon excitation of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The resonant intermediate level is the upper state of either the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition or the ${7P}_{1/2}$ repumping transition. The center-of-gravity energy difference between the ${7S}_{1/2}$ ground level and the ${8S}_{1/2}$ level is $19732.523\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ The hyperfine separation of the ${8S}_{1/2},F=11/2$ and $F=13/2$ states is $10256\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7 \mathrm{MHz},$ giving a magnetic dipole hyperfine constant A of $1577.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1 \mathrm{MHz}.$

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Joshua M. Grossman, R. Fliller, T. E. Mehlstäubler +4 more

We report optical double-resonance spectroscopy to locate and study the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels of a sample of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level to reach the $7D$ states. The energy difference to the ground state is measured for the accessible levels. We measure the hyperfine splittings: $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{3/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 \mathrm{MHz},$ $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=17/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}15/2)=\ensuremath{-}117.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 \mathrm{MHz},$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=\ensuremath{-}121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ MHz. Extrapolating the energies of the inaccessible hyperfine levels from the hyperfine constants and assuming ${B(7D}_{3/2})=0,$ the center-of-gravity energy difference to the ground state is ${E(7D}_{3/2})=24244.831\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${E(7D}_{5/2})=24333.298\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$We report optical double-resonance spectroscopy to locate and study the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels of a sample of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level to reach the $7D$ states. The energy difference to the ground state is measured for the accessible levels. We measure the hyperfine splittings: $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{3/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 \mathrm{MHz},$ $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=17/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}15/2)=\ensuremath{-}117.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 \mathrm{MHz},$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=\ensuremath{-}121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ MHz. Extrapolating the energies of the inaccessible hyperfine levels from the hyperfine constants and assuming ${B(7D}_{3/2})=0,$ the center-of-gravity energy difference to the ground state is ${E(7D}_{3/2})=24244.831\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${E(7D}_{5/2})=24333.298\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$

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Lifetime measurements of the 7D levels of atomic francium

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We present lifetime measurements of the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels of Fr. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on a sample of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the $7D$ states. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of the atomic fluorescence. Our measurements help extend the knowledge of this class of atomic wave functions in which correlation effects are very significant. We measure lifetimes of $73.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{ns}$ and $67.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9 \mathrm{ns}$ for the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels, respectively.We present lifetime measurements of the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels of Fr. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on a sample of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the $7D$ states. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of the atomic fluorescence. Our measurements help extend the knowledge of this class of atomic wave functions in which correlation effects are very significant. We measure lifetimes of $73.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{ns}$ and $67.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9 \mathrm{ns}$ for the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels, respectively.

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Lifetimes of the 9s and 8p levels of atomic francium

S. Aubin, E. Gómez, Luis A. Orozco +1 more

We use time-correlated single-photon counting techniques on a sample of $^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap to measure the lifetimes of the $9{S}_{1∕2},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}8{P}_{3∕2}$ , and $8{P}_{1∕2}$ excited levels. We populate the $9{S}_{1∕2}$ level by two-photon resonant excitation through the $7{P}_{1∕2}$ level. The direct measurement of the $9{S}_{1∕2}$ decay through the $7{P}_{3∕2}$ level at 851 nm gives a lifetime of $107.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.90\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We observe the decay of the $9{S}_{1∕2}$ level through the $8{P}_{3∕2}$ level at 423 nm and the $8{P}_{1∕2}$ level at 433 nm down to the $7{S}_{1∕2}$ ground level, and indirectly determine the lifetimes of these to be $83.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$ and $149.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$, respectively.We use time-correlated single-photon counting techniques on a sample of $^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap to measure the lifetimes of the $9{S}_{1∕2},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}8{P}_{3∕2}$, and $8{P}_{1∕2}$ excited levels. We populate the $9{S}_{1∕2}$ level by two-photon resonant excitation through the $7{P}_{1∕2}$ level. The direct measurement of the $9{S}_{1∕2}$ decay through the $7{P}_{3∕2}$ level at 851 nm gives a lifetime of $107.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.90\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We observe the decay of the $9{S}_{1∕2}$ level through the $8{P}_{3∕2}$ level at 423 nm and the $8{P}_{1∕2}$ level at 433 nm down to the $7{S}_{1∕2}$ ground level, and indirectly determine the lifetimes of these to be $83.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$ and $149.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$, respectively.

Physical Review AOct 20, 200420 citations

Spectroscopy of francium

J. E. Simsarian, Joshua M. Grossman, Luis A. Orozco +3 more

Francium is the least studied of the alkali atoms because it has no stable isotopes. We have performed precision spectroscopy on cold Fr atoms in a magneto optical trap. We have determined the location of the first two excited states of the S series by two-photon spectroscopy. We have measured the lifetimes of the 7p levels with a precision better than 0.5%. Our measurements test the many-body perturbation theory ab initio calculations of the dipole matrix element to very high accuracy in this relativistic alkali.Francium is the least studied of the alkali atoms because it has no stable isotopes. We have performed precision spectroscopy on cold Fr atoms in a magneto optical trap. We have determined the location of the first two excited states of the S series by two-photon spectroscopy. We have measured the lifetimes of the 7p levels with a precision better than 0.5%. Our measurements test the many-body perturbation theory ab initio calculations of the dipole matrix element to very high accuracy in this relativistic alkali.

AIP conference proceedingsJan 1, 19991 citation

We report the spectroscopy of the

{8S}_{1/2}

energy level in

{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}

by two-photon excitation of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The resonant intermediate level is the upper state of either the

{7P}_{3/2}

trapping transition or the

{7P}_{1/2}

repumping transition. The center-of-gravity energy difference between the

{7S}_{1/2}

ground level and the

{8S}_{1/2}

level is $19732.523\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ The hyperfine separation of the

{8S}_{1/2},F=11/2

and

F=13/2

states is $10256\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7 \mathrm{MHz},$ giving a magnetic dipole hyperfine constant A of $1577.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1 \mathrm{MHz}.$

We report optical double-resonance spectroscopy to locate and study the

{7D}_{3/2}

and

{7D}_{5/2}

levels of a sample of

{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}

atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the

{7P}_{3/2}

trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level to reach the

7D

states. The energy difference to the ground state is measured for the accessible levels. We measure the hyperfine splittings: $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{3/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 \mathrm{MHz},$ $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=17/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}15/2)=\ensuremath{-}117.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 \mathrm{MHz},$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=\ensuremath{-}121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ MHz. Extrapolating the energies of the inaccessible hyperfine levels from the hyperfine constants and assuming

{B(7D}_{3/2})=0,

the center-of-gravity energy difference to the ground state is ${E(7D}_{3/2})=24244.831\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${E(7D}_{5/2})=24333.298\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$

We present lifetime measurements of the

{7D}_{3/2}

and

{7D}_{5/2}

levels of Fr. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on a sample of

{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}

atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the

{7P}_{3/2}

trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the

7D

states. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of the atomic fluorescence. Our measurements help extend the knowledge of this class of atomic wave functions in which correlation effects are very significant. We measure lifetimes of $73.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{ns}$ and $67.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9 \mathrm{ns}$ for the

{7D}_{3/2}

and

{7D}_{5/2}

levels, respectively.

We use time-correlated single-photon counting techniques on a sample of

^{210}\mathrm{Fr}

atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap to measure the lifetimes of the

9{S}_{1∕2},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}8{P}_{3∕2}

, and

8{P}_{1∕2}

excited levels. We populate the

9{S}_{1∕2}

level by two-photon resonant excitation through the

7{P}_{1∕2}

level. The direct measurement of the

9{S}_{1∕2}

decay through the

7{P}_{3∕2}

level at 851 nm gives a lifetime of $107.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.90\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We observe the decay of the

9{S}_{1∕2}

level through the

8{P}_{3∕2}

level at 423 nm and the

8{P}_{1∕2}

level at 433 nm down to the

7{S}_{1∕2}

ground level, and indirectly determine the lifetimes of these to be $83.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$ and $149.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$, respectively.