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Physical Review A

Energies and hyperfine splittings of the 7D levels of atomic francium

Joshua M. Grossman, R. Fliller, T. E. Mehlstäubler, Luis A. Orozco, M.R. Pearson, Gene D. Sprouse, W. Z. Zhao

Published Oct 12, 2000• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report optical double-resonance spectroscopy to locate and study the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels of a sample of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level to reach the $7D$ states. The energy difference to the ground state is measured for the accessible levels. We measure the hyperfine splittings: $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{3/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 \mathrm{MHz},$ $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=17/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}15/2)=\ensuremath{-}117.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 \mathrm{MHz},$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=\ensuremath{-}121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ MHz. Extrapolating the energies of the inaccessible hyperfine levels from the hyperfine constants and assuming ${B(7D}_{3/2})=0,$ the center-of-gravity energy difference to the ground state is ${E(7D}_{3/2})=24244.831\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${E(7D}_{5/2})=24333.298\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$

DOI
10.1103/physreva.62.052507

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We report optical double-resonance spectroscopy to locate and study the 7D3/2{7D}_{3/2}7D3/2​ and 7D5/2{7D}_{5/2}7D5/2​ levels of a sample of 210Fr{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}210Fr atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the 7P3/2{7P}_{3/2}7P3/2​ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level to reach the 7D7D7D states. The energy difference to the ground state is measured for the accessible levels. We measure the hyperfine splittings: \ensuremathΔ(7D3/2,F=15/2\ensuremath↔13/2)=167\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi4MHz,\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{3/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 \mathrm{MHz},\ensuremathΔ(7D3/2​,F=15/2\ensuremath↔13/2)=167\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi4MHz, \ensuremathΔ(7D5/2,F=17/2\ensuremath↔15/2)=\ensuremath−117.5\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi2.5MHz,\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=17/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}15/2)=\ensuremath{-}117.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 \mathrm{MHz},\ensuremathΔ(7D5/2​,F=17/2\ensuremath↔15/2)=\ensuremath−117.5\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi2.5MHz, and \ensuremathΔ(7D5/2,F=15/2\ensuremath↔13/2)=\ensuremath−121\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi4\ensuremath{\Delta}{(7D}_{5/2},F=15/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}13/2)=\ensuremath{-}121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\ensuremathΔ(7D5/2​,F=15/2\ensuremath↔13/2)=\ensuremath−121\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi4 MHz. Extrapolating the energies of the inaccessible hyperfine levels from the hyperfine constants and assuming B(7D3/2)=0,{B(7D}_{3/2})=0,B(7D3/2​)=0, the center-of-gravity energy difference to the ground state is E(7D3/2)=24244.831\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.003cm\ensuremath−1{E(7D}_{3/2})=24244.831\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}E(7D3/2​)=24244.831\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.003cm\ensuremath−1 and E(7D5/2)=24333.298\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.003cm\ensuremath−1.{E(7D}_{5/2})=24333.298\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.E(7D5/2​)=24333.298\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.003cm\ensuremath−1.
We report the spectroscopy of the 8S1/2{8S}_{1/2}8S1/2​ energy level in 210Fr{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}210Fr by two-photon excitation of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The resonant intermediate level is the upper state of either the 7P3/2{7P}_{3/2}7P3/2​ trapping transition or the 7P1/2{7P}_{1/2}7P1/2​ repumping transition. The center-of-gravity energy difference between the 7S1/2{7S}_{1/2}7S1/2​ ground level and the 8S1/2{8S}_{1/2}8S1/2​ level is $19732.523\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ The hyperfine separation of the 8S1/2,F=11/2{8S}_{1/2},F=11/28S1/2​,F=11/2 and F=13/2F=13/2F=13/2 states is $10256\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7 \mathrm{MHz},$ giving a magnetic dipole hyperfine constant A of $1577.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1 \mathrm{MHz}.$
We present lifetime measurements of the 7D3/2{7D}_{3/2}7D3/2​ and 7D5/2{7D}_{5/2}7D5/2​ levels of Fr. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on a sample of 210Fr{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}210Fr atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the 7P3/2{7P}_{3/2}7P3/2​ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the 7D7D7D states. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of the atomic fluorescence. Our measurements help extend the knowledge of this class of atomic wave functions in which correlation effects are very significant. We measure lifetimes of $73.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{ns}$ and $67.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9 \mathrm{ns}$ for the 7D3/2{7D}_{3/2}7D3/2​ and 7D5/2{7D}_{5/2}7D5/2​ levels, respectively.
We use time-correlated single-photon counting techniques on a sample of 210Fr^{210}\mathrm{Fr}210Fr atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap to measure the lifetimes of the 9S1∕2,8P3∕29{S}_{1∕2},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}8{P}_{3∕2}9S1∕2​,8P3∕2​, and 8P1∕28{P}_{1∕2}8P1∕2​ excited levels. We populate the 9S1∕29{S}_{1∕2}9S1∕2​ level by two-photon resonant excitation through the 7P1∕27{P}_{1∕2}7P1∕2​ level. The direct measurement of the 9S1∕29{S}_{1∕2}9S1∕2​ decay through the 7P3∕27{P}_{3∕2}7P3∕2​ level at 851 nm gives a lifetime of $107.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.90\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We observe the decay of the 9S1∕29{S}_{1∕2}9S1∕2​ level through the 8P3∕28{P}_{3∕2}8P3∕2​ level at 423 nm and the 8P1∕28{P}_{1∕2}8P1∕2​ level at 433 nm down to the 7S1∕27{S}_{1∕2}7S1∕2​ ground level, and indirectly determine the lifetimes of these to be $83.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$ and $149.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$, respectively.
We measure the lifetime of the 8s8s8s level of 210Fr^{210}\mathrm{Fr}210Fr atoms on a magneto-optically trapped sample with time-correlated single-photon counting. The 7P1∕27{P}_{1∕2}7P1∕2​ state serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-step excitation of the 8s8s8s level completed with a $1.3\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ laser. Analysis of the fluorescence decay through the 7P3∕27{P}_{3∕2}7P3∕2​ level gives $53.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$ for the 8s8s8s level lifetime.
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