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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Coordinate-Dependent One- and Two-Mode Squeezing Transformation and the Corresponding Squeezed States

Gang Ren, Song Tong-Qiang

Published Dec 1, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract

We introduce the coordinate-dependent one- and two-mode squeezing transformations and discuss the properties of the corresponding one-and two-mode squeezed states. We show that the coordinate-dependent one-and two-mode squeezing transformations can be constructed by the combination of two transformations, a coordinate-dependent displacement followed by the standard squeezed transformation. Such a decomposition turns a nonlinear problem into a linear one because all the calculations involving the nonlinear one- and two-mode squeezed transformation have been shown to be able to reduce to those only concerning the standard one- and two-mode squeezed states.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/48/6/027

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We introduce the coordinate-dependent one- and two-mode squeezing transformations and discuss the properties of the corresponding one-and two-mode squeezed states. We show that the coordinate-dependent one-and two-mode squeezing transformations can be constructed by the combination of two transformations, a coordinate-dependent displacement followed by the standard squeezed transformation. Such a decomposition turns a nonlinear problem into a linear one because all the calculations involving the nonlinear one- and two-mode squeezed transformation have been shown to be able to reduce to those only concerning the standard one- and two-mode squeezed states.
We show that the nonlinear quadrature-dependent Bogoliubov transformations proposed by Siena et al. [Phys. Rev. A 64, 063803 (2001)] can in fact be constructed by the combination of two unitary transformations, a quadrature-dependent displacement followed by the standard squeezed transformation. Such a decomposition turns a nonlinear problem into an essentially linear one so that we are able to express explicitly the mean values and deviations of the quadrature operators and the photon variables under the multiphoton states in terms of those quantities averaged over the standard squeezed states involving only the quadrature-independent Bogoliubov transformation.
We find that the exponential operators U=exp[-i(${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{1}$Q1{\mathit{Q}}_{1}Q1​P2{\mathit{P}}_{2}P2​+${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}$Q2{\mathit{Q}}_{2}Q2​P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​] and W=exp[-i(${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{1}$Q1{\mathit{Q}}_{1}Q1​Q2{\mathit{Q}}_{2}Q2​-${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$pP1{\mathrm{P}}_{1}P1​P2{\mathit{P}}_{2}P2​)] (where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$ are real; Pi{P}_{i}Pi​ and Qi{Q}_{i}Qi​ are coordinate and momentum operators, respectively; and i=1,2) are two types of generalized squeezing operators responsible for generating two types of one- and two-mode combination squeezed states, respectively. The coordinate and/or momentum representations of U and W are presented, and their normal product forms are first derived in terms of the newly developed technique of integration within an ordered product, which provides us with a direct approach to constructing these new squeezed states. The fluctuations in quadrature phases for these states are analyzed.
The one- and two-mode combination squeezed states are constructed by applying the operator U identical to exp(-i lambda (erQ1P2+e-rQ2P1)) or W identical to exp(-i lambda (erQ1Q2-e-rP1P2)) (where lambda , r are real; Qi, Pi, i=1, 2 are coordinate and momentum operators, respectively) to the vacuum state. When the condition tanh lambda <1/(1+cosh r) is satisfied, such states can have less fluctuations in one quadrature phase than the usual two-mode squeezed state. Here, the authors examine the higher-order squeezing properties for such states. The result shows that under the same conditions, these states can exhibit a stronger form of higher-order squeezing than the usual two-mode squeezed state.
We present analytical results for the multiphoton squeezed states defined through nonlinear quadrature-dependent Bogoliubov transformations. These analytical results turn a nonlinear problem into an essentially linear one and they can be utilized to express explicitly the mean walues and deviations of the quadrature operators and the photon variables under the multiphoton states in terms of those quantities averaged over the standard squeezed states which only involves the quadrature-independent Bogoliubov transformation.