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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Transverse compression of two-photon wave packets

Maria V. Chekhova, O. A. Shumilkina

Published Jun 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method for generating two-photon wave packets (biphotons) with a small width of the spatial intensity correlation function (correlation radius) has been considered. We propose to prepare a two-photon wave packet inhomogeneously broadened in the angle by means of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in an inhomogeneous crystal. Such biphotons are not diffraction limited; i.e., their correlation radius is much larger than the inverse width of the spatial spectrum. However, the correlation radius of such a biphoton decreases as the biphoton propagates in free space, and transverse compression occurs at a certain distance from the crystal; i.e., the biphoton becomes diffraction limited.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364010120076

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A method for generating two-photon wave packets (biphotons) with a small width of the spatial intensity correlation function (correlation radius) has been considered. We propose to prepare a two-photon wave packet inhomogeneously broadened in the angle by means of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in an inhomogeneous crystal. Such biphotons are not diffraction limited; i.e., their correlation radius is much larger than the inverse width of the spatial spectrum. However, the correlation radius of such a biphoton decreases as the biphoton propagates in free space, and transverse compression occurs at a certain distance from the crystal; i.e., the biphoton becomes diffraction limited.
The generation of biphoton wave packets with a broad spectrum owing to quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a crystal with an aperiodic poling has been considered. Biphotons at the exit of such a sample are not Fourier limited; i.e., their correlation time is much larger than the inverse width of the spectrum. It has been shown that if the inverse grating vector varies linearly along the sample length, the generated biphoton wave packets can be compressed in time by transmitting two-photon light through an optical fiber.
The generation of two-photon wave packets, produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in crystals with linearly chirped quasi-phase-matching grating, is analyzed. Although they are spectrally broad, two-photon wave packets produced in this way are not Fourier-transform limited. We discuss the temporal compression of the wave packets, exploiting the insertion of a standard optical fiber in the path of one of the two photons. The effect is analyzed by means of full numerical calculation, and the exact dispersion dependencies in both the crystal and the fiber are considered. The study paves the way for practical realization of this idea.
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The problem of generating a narrow-band biphoton field during spontaneous parametric down conversion of light in a quadratic nonlinear medium in a cavity is discussed. It is shown that, in the case of double resonance (for signal and idle fields), the form of the single-photon wave packet is biexponential and has a half-width determined by the photon life time in the cavity. An experiment is carried out on the generation of narrow-band biphotons in a crystal of lithium iodine with I-type matching in a frequency degenerate collinear regime. The second-order correlation function of the cavity-enhanced biphotons is measured using the electric nanosecond time delay line.
We study two-photon excitation using biphotons generated via the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal. We show that the focusing of these biphotons yields an excitation distribution that is the same as the distribution of one-photon excitation at the pump wavelength. We also demonstrate that biphoton excitation in the image region yields a distribution whose axial width is approximately that of the crystal thickness and whose transverse width is that of the pump at the input to the crystal.