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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics

Low temperature critical behaviour of the Ising model with spin S>1/2

P F Fox, Anthony John Guttmann

Published Mar 14, 1973• 62 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Low temperature series expansions for the Ising model with spin S=1 and S= 3 / 2 are derived for a number of two and three dimensional lattices. For each spin-lattice combination the critical point is estimated, and then the critical exponents beta and gamma ' with their corresponding critical amplitudes are also estimated. The principal conclusion is that there is no compelling evidence to suggest that the above critical exponents differ from their S= 1 / 2 values.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3719/6/5/020

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For pt. III, see abstr. A21890 of 1970. A new low-temperature expansion variable for the Ising model is given. Expansions in the new variable, x=1-tanh(J/kT), then converge right up to the critical point. Power series in the new variable are derived, and then analysed by the Pade method and the method of N-point fits. For the spontaneous magnetization of the Ising model in three dimensions. beta =0.312+or-0.002 for the simple cubic lattice, beta =0.3125+or-0.0015 for the body-centred cubic lattice, and beta =0.312+or-0.004 for the face-centred cubic lattice. For the low-temperature susceptibility gamma =1.30+or-0.02, gamma =1.28+or-0.04, and gamma '=1.29+or-0.04 for the simple cubic, body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic lattices respectively. For the low-temperature specific heat the authors estimate 1 / 16 <or= alpha =0.2 for all three lattices.

Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics•Aug 1, 1970•14 citations
Low temperature series expansions for the Ising model with spin S=1 and S= 3 / 2 are derived for a number of two and three dimensional lattices. For each spin-lattice combination the critical point is estimated, and then the critical exponents beta and gamma ' with their corresponding critical amplitudes are also estimated. The principal conclusion is that there is no compelling evidence to suggest that the above critical exponents differ from their S= 1 / 2 values.
Low temperature series expansions for the spin S = 1 Ising model on various two and three dimensional lattices have been generated. By extrapolation of these series, it is found that the critical exponents β, γ' and δ appear to be the same as for the spin S = 1/2 Ising model. For the spin S = 1/2 Ising model, we have found that the class of configurations represented by Cayley trees make a significant contribution to the low temperature series coefficients. In particular, we find that the distribution of singularities within the disk | u | ≤ |uc |(uc = exp[- 4 J/kTc], Tc is the critical temperature) is well represented by including only the Cayley trees in the partition function.
Low temperature Ising model series in the usual variable z = exp(−4 J/kT ) are analysed. The positions of the singularities in the disk|z| <or=|z c | and the values of the corresponding critical exponents are determined for the simple cubic, body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic lattices. We obtain the following estimates of the physical critical exponents: β = 0·312 ± 0·002 for the simple cubic and face-centred cubic lattices, and β = 0·312 ± 0·004 for the body-centred cubic lattice. γprime = 1·31 ± 0·02 for the simple cubic lattice, γprime = 1·28 ± 0·04 for the body-centred cubic lattice, and γprime = 1·3 ± 0·1 for the face-centred cubic lattice. For the low temperature specific heat exponent we obtain fraction one-sixteens <or= αprime <or= ¼.
Low temperature Ising model series in the usual variable z = exp(−4J/kT) are analysed. The positions of the singularities in the disk|z| <or=|zc| and the values of the corresponding critical exponents are determined for the simple cubic, body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic lattices. We obtain the following estimates of the physical critical exponents: β = 0312 ± 0002 for the simple cubic and face-centred cubic lattices, and β = 0312 ± 0004 for the body-centred cubic lattice. γprime = 131 ± 002 for the simple cubic lattice, γprime = 128 ± 004 for the body-centred cubic lattice, and γprime = 13 ± 01 for the face-centred cubic lattice. For the low temperature specific heat exponent we obtain fraction one-sixteens <or= αprime <or= ¼.
Series expansions are presented for the magnetisation, susceptibility, magnetic field derivatives of the susceptibility and 'specific heat' of the zero-temperature transverse Ising model. Coefficients in these series have been calculated to tenth order in lambda 2 (where lambda is the transverse field) for the linear chain, to eighth order for the square lattice and to seventh order for the triangular lattice. These series yield estimates of the low-temperature critical exponents alpha ', beta ', gamma ' and Delta ' of the two- and three-dimensional Ising models. They provide good evidence for the symmetry of exponents above and below the critical point, e.g. gamma '= gamma .
We derive low-temperature series (in the variable ) for the spontaneous magnetization, susceptibility, and specific heat of the spin-S Ising model on the square lattice for , 2, , and 3. We determine the location of the physical critical point and non-physical singularities. The number of non-physical singularities closer to the origin than the physical critical point grows quite rapidly with S. The critical exponents at the singularities which are closest to the origin and for which we have reasonably accurate estimates are independent of S. Due to the many non-physical singularities, the estimates for the physical critical point and exponents are poor for higher values of S, though consistent with universality.
For pt. III, see abstr. A21890 of 1970. A new low-temperature expansion variable for the Ising model is given. Expansions in the new variable, x=1-tanh(J/kT), then converge right up to the critical point. Power series in the new variable are derived, and then analysed by the Pade method and the method of N-point fits. For the spontaneous magnetization of the Ising model in three dimensions. beta =0.312+or-0.002 for the simple cubic lattice, beta =0.3125+or-0.0015 for the body-centred cubic lattice, and beta =0.312+or-0.004 for the face-centred cubic lattice. For the low-temperature susceptibility gamma =1.30+or-0.02, gamma =1.28+or-0.04, and gamma '=1.29+or-0.04 for the simple cubic, body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic lattices respectively. For the low-temperature specific heat the authors estimate 1 / 16 <or= alpha =0.2 for all three lattices.