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Journal of Statistical Physics

Transient dynamical behavior and phase transitions in magnetic systems

David Hansel, Claude Meunier, Alberto Verga

Published Oct 1, 1990• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01013968

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Complex systems, which consist of a large number of interacting constituents, often exhibit universal behavior near a phase transition. A slowdown of certain dynamical observables is one such recurring feature found in a vast array of contexts. This phenomenon, known as critical slowing-down, is well studied mostly in thermodynamic phase transitions. However, it is less understood in highly nonequilibrium settings, where the time it takes to traverse the phase boundary becomes comparable to the timescale of dynamical fluctuations. Using transient optical spectroscopy and femtosecond electron diffraction, we studied a photoinduced transition of a model charge-density-wave (CDW) compound LaTe_{3}. We observed that it takes the longest time to suppress the order parameter at the threshold photoexcitation density, where the CDW transiently vanishes. This finding can be captured by generalizing the time-dependent Landau theory to a system far from equilibrium. The experimental observation and theoretical understanding of dynamical slowing-down may offer insight into other general principles behind nonequilibrium phase transitions in many-body systems.
The dynamic magnetic behavior of the mixed-spin Ising trilayer structure, composed of a ferrimagnetically A-layer with spin-1, B-layer with spin-3/2 and a C-layer with spin-2, is investigated by using the mean-field approximation with Glauber-type stochastic dynamics. The dynamic equations describing the time-dependencies of the system are derived from the Master equation and the Glauber transition rates. The time variations of the average magnetizations and the behaviors of the dynamic magnetizations as a function of the temperature and magnetic field are investigated to find the phases and phase transition points, respectively. The dynamic phase diagrams are presented on different planes, and they exhibit several ordered phases and coexistence phase regions besides the disordered phase. Our model highlights first- and second-order phase transitions as well as the emergence of tricritical point, triple point, quadruple point, critical end point, double critical end point and multicritical point.