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arXiv:2604.03521

Detection of Spin-Spatial-Coupling-Induced Dynamical Phase Transitions in Real Time

Jared Austin, Zachary Shaw, C. Binegar, P. Sigdel, Thomas Bilitewski, Y. L. Liu

Published Apr 3, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate the real-time detection of dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) in lattice-confined spinor gases subject to a priori unknown time-variant interactions, via the temporal behaviors of both the system energy and spinor phases extracted from the observed spin dynamics. Using this technique, we describe the observed nonequilibrium spin dynamics, governed by intricate spin-spatial couplings, across a range of conditions. This work also introduces an observable that can quickly identify DPTs at holding times when commonly-used order parameters still exhibit transient, nonuniversal behavior. Our approach can naturally extend to other complex systems subject to time-dependent parameters, such as Floquet systems under driven magnetic fields, driven interactions, or spin-flopping fields, with potential applications in the study of DPTs in nonintegrable models.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2604.03521

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We demonstrate the real-time detection of dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) in lattice-confined spinor gases subject to a priori unknown time-variant interactions, via the temporal behaviors of both the system energy and spinor phases extracted from the observed spin dynamics. Using this technique, we describe the observed nonequilibrium spin dynamics, governed by intricate spin-spatial couplings, across a range of conditions. This work also introduces an observable that can quickly identify DPTs at holding times when commonly-used order parameters still exhibit transient, nonuniversal behavior. Our approach can naturally extend to other complex systems subject to time-dependent parameters, such as Floquet systems under driven magnetic fields, driven interactions, or spin-flopping fields, with potential applications in the study of DPTs in nonintegrable models.
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We experimentally demonstrate that well-designed driven lattices are versatile tools to simultaneously tune multiple key parameters (spin-dependent interactions, spinor phase, and quadratic Zeeman energy) for manipulating phase diagrams of spinor gases with negligible heating and atom losses. This opens avenues for studying engineered Hamiltonians and dynamical phase transitions. Modulation-induced harmonics generate progressively narrower separatrices at driving-frequency-determined higher magnetic-field strengths. This technique enables exploration of multiple, previously inaccessible parameter regimes of spinor dynamics (notably high magnetic-field strengths, tunable spinor phase, and individually tunable spin-preserving and spin-changing collisions) and widens the range of cold-atom applications, e.g., in quantum sensing and studies of nonequilibrium dynamics.
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We studied within the framework of a mean-field approach the nonequilibrium dyn amic phase transition of a kinetic Ising spin system subject to a perturbative f ield and temperature simultaneously by comparison between time-dependent Ginzbur g-Landau and Glauber dynamics models. The dynamic phase transition (DPT) boundar ies, separating a symmetry-breaking dynamic ordered phase from its symmetric dyn amic disordered counterpart, were identified through a systematic simulation of the above two models. The dependence of the dynamic order parameter Q and the fo urth order cumulant ratio U upon the temperature t(r0), the frequency ω and amplitude h0 of driving field were also investigated in detai l. A discussion was presented concerning the current controversies on whether bo th a discontinuous dynamic phase transition occurs possibly below a specific low temperature and a tri-critical point exists on the DPT boundary in a kinetic Is ing spin system.