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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Spontaneous parametric scattering, idler absorption, and dispersion in the nonlinear susceptibility in LiNbO3

G. Paul Montgomery, T. G. Giallorenzi, M. Hass

Published Jun 1, 1972• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/jqe.1972.1077033

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Frequency-angular distributions of optical signals generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion with the Stokes idler frequency shifts 0.2–5 THz are studied simultaneously with the same distributions in the anti-Stokes range while the nonlinear Mg:LiNbO3 crystal is cooled from 300 K to 4.2 K. The temperature dependencies of the angular distributions at fixed idler frequencies are analyzed using a theoretical Klyshko–Kirchhoff approach with account of thermal field fluctuations and inherent crystal absorption at terahertz frequencies. Although all the measurements are performed in the optical range, we demonstrate how such analysis enables to predict the temperature behavior of the total number of spontaneous parametric downconversion-generated idler photons in the terahertz range, the temperature variation of the optical-terahertz biphoton function, and to study the contributions of classical thermal and pure quantum field fluctuations to parameters of biphotons. It is shown that the temperature-induced growth of the numbers of signal and idler photons and their non-normalized correlation function is provided by overwhelming increase in classical fluctuations, while the pure quantum contributions to these parameters are not so sensitive to the crystal temperature.
Frequency-angular characteristics of signal and idler photons generated under spontaneous parametric down-conversion are studied in a strongly frequency nondegenerate regime, without paraxial approximation, accounting for possible inherent absorption of idler waves in a nonlinear crystal, classical thermal field fluctuations, and the multimode character of parametric interaction induced by transverse spatial limitation of the pump beam. Spatial limitation is shown to lead to a huge increase in angular divergence of the idler photons generated at terahertz frequencies. General expressions are obtained for the frequency-angular sensitivity function of the nonlinear-optical terahertz wave detector and for power densities of the signal and idler photon fluxes. The absorption-induced difference in the parametric conversion coefficients for the noise and externally incident radiation of the idler frequency is shown to be described by approximately the same loss factor for all active spatial idler modes. Two different parametric contributions of the internal thermal noise to the number of output idler photons were revealed with different dependence on the idler-wave absorption. Expressions for the loss factors, which describe absorption-induced effects in signal and idler channels, are obtained and shown to be turning into one another by changing the sign of the absorption coefficient. Relative contribution of thermal and quantum field fluctuations into the intrinsic radiation of a nonlinear crystal at signal and idler frequencies is analyzed accounting for the crystal absorption properties.