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Applied Physics Letters

Josephson logic circuits based on nonlinear current injection in interferometer devices

Tushar R. Gheewala

Published Oct 15, 1978• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear current-injection switching of Josephson interferometer devices is achieved by current injection into an asymmetric feedpoint. This method of switching interferometers has two important features: higher gain than in previous approaches and a novel nonlinear threshold curve which is of practical interest. A new family of high-performance logic gates based on nonlinear current injection is described. Logic circuits have been experimentally tested and preliminary results are presented.

DOI
10.1063/1.90503

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Nonlinear current-injection switching of Josephson interferometer devices is achieved by current injection into an asymmetric feedpoint. This method of switching interferometers has two important features: higher gain than in previous approaches and a novel nonlinear threshold curve which is of practical interest. A new family of high-performance logic gates based on nonlinear current injection is described. Logic circuits have been experimentally tested and preliminary results are presented.
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This paper proposes a two-junction interferometer called Variable Threshold Logic. It has both magnetically-coupled control-lines and current-injection terminals. The threshold curve of this gate can be shifted by the applied currents. This property enables its use for both OR and AND function with the same structure by only changing the wiring. Operating margins of ±12 % for OR and ± 29 % for AND are obtained with the optimized device parameters. Any logic circuit can be obtained by Josephson master-slice LSI of this gate with a dual-rail logic system.
A Josephson superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) digital logic family was developed that uses the R/sub nn/ region of a Josephson junction (JJ) to compensate for variations in where R/sub nn/ is the effective resistance of a JJ in the linear I-V region beyond the gap. The basic compensating junction logic (CJL) circuit is two 2-input-OR 1-2-1 interferometer isolators that, when switched, inject current into a 2-input-AND 1-2-1 interferometer. The R/sub nn/ region of several JJs is used in series with a resistor to set the current from the power supply to the 2-input-OR interferometers. The 2-input-AND interferometer is implemented with both current injection and magnetic coupling. The latch circuit uses both current injection and magnetic coupling design techniques to increase the range of I/sub O/, inductance, and resistance variation over which the latch will function correctly. Experimental measurements of CJL circuits are described.>
A novel Josephson logic gate called the asymmetrical interferometer device (AID) is presented. It is composed of a pair of asymmetrical interferometers whose outputs are injected into a single junction. The interferometers are individually operated as two input OR and the single junction is worked as AND.(A + B) (C + D)operation is accomplished by only one AID gate. They have a serial fan-in capability due to their magnetic coupling scheme. The gate size is reduced by half, compared with the previous current injection logic (CIL) gate. With these AID gates, a high-speed two-bit dual rail adder circuit is configured, which provides the logic circuits performing with both true and complement inputs and without any timing circuits. The AID gate fabricated by standard 5-µm Pb-alloy technology showed a wide margin over ±20 percent that was in good agreement with statically designed characteristics. Experimental adder operation was also successfully performed.