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Physical Review A

Control of the inversionless gain and refractive index in a V-type atom via squeezed vacuum and quantum interference

M. A. Antón, Óscar G. Calderón, F. Carreño

Published Feb 3, 2004• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the steady-state populations and gain lineshape of a V-type three-level atom with a closely spaced excited doublet. The atom is driven by a strong coherent field, a weak probe, and a single broadband squeezed vacuum. We focus our attention in the interplay between the quantum interference and the squeezed field on the probe gain. It is shown that the relative phases between the two coherent fields and the squeezed field play an important role in the optical properties of the atom. Specifically, we find that the probe can experience gain without population inversion for proper values of the parameters characterizing the squeezed field and in the absence of incoherent pumping. The system can be tailored to exhibit multiple dispersion regimes accompanied by negligible gain or absorption over a large bandwidth, a desirable feature for obtaining propagation of pulses with negligible distortion.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.69.023801

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In this paper we analyze the steady-state populations and gain lineshape of a V-type three-level atom with a closely spaced excited doublet. The atom is driven by a strong coherent field, a weak probe, and a single broadband squeezed vacuum. We focus our attention in the interplay between the quantum interference and the squeezed field on the probe gain. It is shown that the relative phases between the two coherent fields and the squeezed field play an important role in the optical properties of the atom. Specifically, we find that the probe can experience gain without population inversion for proper values of the parameters characterizing the squeezed field and in the absence of incoherent pumping. The system can be tailored to exhibit multiple dispersion regimes accompanied by negligible gain or absorption over a large bandwidth, a desirable feature for obtaining propagation of pulses with negligible distortion.
The gain, absorption and dispersion properties of a probe field for a four level N-type atomic system with a normal vacuum and a squeezed vacuum fields is studied. Under such conditions that normal and squeezed vacuum-induced interference among decay channels is significant. Our study also reveals that the quantum interference will produce a remarkable effect on the absorption and dispersion properties of the system. A single squeezed vacuum is coupled to three transitions. Numerically the effect of the squeezing vacuum field parameters and the relative phases between the squeezed vacuum and the probe (strong) fields on the index of refraction is analyzed.
In a three-level V-type atomic system without any external coherent driving, owing to the coherence that results from the vacuum of the radiation field, both the probe gain with and without population inversion can be achieved with very weak incoherent pumping. The gain is achieved in the absence of any external coherent driving field, so it is different from the gain without inversion in ordinary laser-driven schemes where a coherent driving field is necessary to create the coherence. The gain is also different from the conventional lasing gain because the population inversion is achieved via vacuum-induced coherence, which is dependent on the atomic coherence.
The control role of the relative phase between the probe and driving fields on gain, dispersion and populations in an open V-type three-level system with spontaneously generated coherence is studied. The result shows that by adjusting the value of the relative phase, the transformation between lasing with inversion and lasing without inversion (LWI) can be realized and high dispersion (refractive index) without absorption can be obtained. The shape and value range of the dispersion curve are similar to those of the gain curve, and this similarity is closely related to the relative phase. The effects of the atomic exit and injection rates and the incoherent pump rate on the control role of the relative phase are also analysed. It is found easier to get LWI by adjusting the value of the relative phase using the open system rather than the closed system, and using an incoherent pump rather than without using the incoherent pump. Moreover the open system can give a larger LWI gain than the closed system.
We study the dispersion and absorption spectra of a weak probe in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level atomic system with closely ground sublevels driven by a strong field and damped by a broadband squeezed vacuum. We analyze the interplay between the spontaneous generated coherence and the squeezed field on the susceptibility of the atomic system. We find that by varying the intensity of the squeezed field the group velocity of a weak pulse can change from subluminal to superluminal. In addition we exploit the fact that the properties of the atomic medium can be dramatically modified by controlling the relative phase between the driving field and the squeezed field, allowing us to manipulate the group velocity at which light propagates. The physical origin of this phenomenon corresponds to a transfer of the atomic coherence from electromagnetically induced transparency to electromagnetically induced absorption. Besides, this phenomenon is achieved under nearly transparency conditions and with negligible distortion of the propagation pulse.
For a four-level atomic system with a doublet of closely spaced levels, we find that, owing to the coherence that results from the vacuum of the radiation field, population trapping at excited levels and probe gain with population inversion can be achieved with weak incoherent pumping. This gain is different from both the conventional lasing gain and gain without inversion in that there exists population inversion on probe transitions but the inversion is achieved by the vacuum-induced coherence.
We obtain the gain of the probe field at multiple frequencies in a closed three-level V-type system using a frequency-modulated pump field. There is no associated population inversion among the atomic states of the probe transition. We describe both the steady-state and transient dynamics of this system. Under suitable conditions, the system exhibits a large gain simultaneously at a series of frequencies far removed from resonance. Moreover, the system can be tailored to exhibit multiple frequency regimes where the probe experiences anomalous dispersion accompanied by negligible gain or absorption over a large bandwidth, a desirable feature for obtaining superluminal propagation of pulses with negligible distortion.