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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Propagation of spontaneous radiation in the medium of an optical amplifier

M. V. Sviridov, V T Skorik

Published Jul 31, 1976• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An investigation is made of the spatial filtering of spontaneous radiation by the active medium in a traveling-wave optical amplifier. It is shown that in the high-gain case this radiation is described satisfactorily by a spherical wave whose effective source is located in the front of the amplifier. The influence of refraction is estimated as a function of the wave frequency.

DOI
10.1070/qe1976v006n07abeh011650

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An investigation is made of the spatial filtering of spontaneous radiation by the active medium in a traveling-wave optical amplifier. It is shown that in the high-gain case this radiation is described satisfactorily by a spherical wave whose effective source is located in the front of the amplifier. The influence of refraction is estimated as a function of the wave frequency.
An investigation was made of the transformation of the spatial spectrum of optical radiation as a result of passage through an excited nonlinear medium. Experiments confirmed that, under certain conditions, this medium reemitted the energy of a plane wave of the incident radiation in the form of side spatial frequencies, whose spectrum corresponded to the autocorrelation function of the spatial spectrum of the pump radiation. Two models of parametric processes were used to account for the observed effect. The effect should be useful in investigations of spatially modulated radiation traveling across a phase-distorting medium.
The method of a quasioptic equation for a transverse correlation function is used in a study of single-pass amplification of radiation from a spontaneous source in an optically inhomogeneous medium which is in the form of a cylinder or a planar layer and is characterized by nonresonant losses under gain saturation conditions. Approximate analytic expressions are deduced for the power of the radiation emerging from the end and side surfaces of the active medium in the two cases of homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened lines. The angular spectra of stimulated radiation are given. The coefficient representing the refraction losses and the problems of optimal coupling out of the energy via the side surface are discussed.
A model for spontaneous emission in active dielectric microstructures is given in terms of the classical electric field Green's tensor and the quantum-mechanical operators for the generating currents. A formalism is given for calculating the Green's tensor, which does not rely on the existence of a complete power orthogonal set of electromagnetic modes, and the formalism may therefore be applied to microstructures with gain and/or absorption. The Green's tensor is calculated for an optical fiber amplifier, and the spontaneous emission in fiber amplifiers is studied with respect to the position, transition frequency, and vector orientation of a spatially localized current source. Radiation patterns are studied using a Poynting vector approach taking into account amplification or absorption from an active medium in the fiber.
Paraxial Maxwell-Bloch theory is used to describe amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in strongly inverted media. Counterpropagation of waves coupled through gain saturation and diffraction, and pumping by a laser beam which propagates transverse to the amplifier are included in the treatment. The reactive part of the medium polarization is calculated by population-rate equations in the limit of rapid dephasing of the atomic dipoles. The spontaneous emission noise source needed for the numerical simulation of Maxwell's equations is derived from microscopic theory by coarse-graining, thereby establishing the compatibility of the spherically symmetric microscopic source with paraxial propagation theory. The three coupled Maxwell equations for the counterpropagating ASE waves and the transversely propagating pump wave are solved numerically in time and two spatial dimensions. This simulation is used to calculate the longitudinal profile of the transverse fluorescence, which measures the saturation of the gain, the longitudinal profile of the transmitted pump wave, which measures the saturation of pump absorption, and the transverse coherence function of the radiation emitted from the ends of the amplifier.