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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Experimental manipulation of five-photon entanglement

Zhi Qiang Zhao, Yu-Ao Chen, An‐Ning Zhang, Tao Yang, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Aug 18, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the experimental manipulation of five-photon entanglement. In the experiment, we first generate a high intensity and ultra-stable source of entangled photons and then used two pairs of entangled photons to produce a four-photon entangled state. After combining it with a single-photon state, we are able to engineer a five-photon entangled state. Meanwhile, by manipulating these entangled states, we have also successfully demonstrated the open-destination quantum teleportation, and a distant nondestructive Controlled-NOT gate for quantum teleportation.

DOI
10.1117/12.616846

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We report the experimental manipulation of five-photon entanglement. In the experiment, we first generate a high intensity and ultra-stable source of entangled photons and then used two pairs of entangled photons to produce a four-photon entangled state. After combining it with a single-photon state, we are able to engineer a five-photon entangled state. Meanwhile, by manipulating these entangled states, we have also successfully demonstrated the open-destination quantum teleportation, and a distant nondestructive Controlled-NOT gate for quantum teleportation.
Based on the technique developed in previous multi-photon interferometry, we experimentally combine an entangled four-photon state with a single photon state to achieve the first ever entanglement of five photons in the world. And then making use of this five-photon source, we also demonstrate a novel type of quantum teleportation, called open-destination teleportation. Our experiment result is of great importance in experimental test of some fundamental problems in quantum mechanics, information theory, cryptography, and quantum computation etc. Also our experimental method will greatly promote the study of distributed quantum communication, linear-optics based quantum computation, and experimental test of some fundamental problems in quantum mechanics etc.
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Semiconductor quantum dots are currently emerging as one of the most promising sources of non-classical light on which to base future quantum networks. They can generate single photons as well as pairs of entangled photons with unprecedented brightness, indistinguishability, and degree of entanglement. These features have very recently opened up the possibility to perform advanced quantum optics protocols that were previously inaccessible to single quantum emitters. In this work, we report on two experiments that use the non-local properties of entanglement to teleport quantum states: three-photon state teleportation and four-photon entanglement teleportation. We discuss all the experimental results in light of a theoretical model that we develop to account for the non-idealities of the quantum source. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment enables a deep understanding of how each parameter of the source affects the teleportation fidelities and it pinpoints the requirements needed to overcome the classical limits. Finally, our model suggests how to further improve quantum-dot entangled-photon sources for practical quantum networks.
We propose a simple experimental scheme of preparing a four-photon entangled state, which is a useful resource for two-qubit quantum operations, e.g., the controlled-NOT gate. The scheme can successfully postselect the events of the desired four-photon entangled state in the coincidence basis and can be constructed with four photons from parametric down conversion, linear optical devices, and conventional photon detectors, all of which are available in current technology. We also show an experimental scheme for a controlled-NOT gate based on teleportation with the prepared four-photon state.
Entangled photons are a crucial resource for linear optical quantum communication and quantum computation. Besides the remarkable progress of photon state engineering using atomic memories (Kimble (2008); Yuan et al. (2008)) the majority of current experiments is based on the production of photon pairs in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), where the entangled photon pair is concluded from post-selection of randomly occurring coincidences. Here we present new insights into the heralded generation of photon states (Barz et al. (2010); Wagenknecht et al. (2010)) that are maximally entangled in polarization (Schrodinger (1935)) with linear optics and standard photon detection from SPDC (Kwiat et al. (1995)). We utilize the down-conversion state corresponding to the generation of three pairs of photons, where the coincident detection of four auxiliary photons unambiguously heralds the successful preparation of the entangled state (Śliwa & Banaszek (2003)). This controlled generation of entangled photon states is a significant step towards the applicability of a linear optics quantum network (Nielsen & Chuang (2000)), in particular for entanglement distribution (Bennett et al. (1996)), entanglement swapping (Kaltenbaek et al. (2009); Pan et al. (1998)), quantum teleportation (Bouwmeester et al. (1997)), quantum cryptography (Bennett & Brassard (1984); Ekert (1991); Jennewein et al. (2000)) and scalable approaches towards photonics-based quantum computing schemes (Browne & Rudolph (2004); Gottesman & Chuang (1999); Knill et al. (2001)).