Physical Review A

Effects of hyperfine structure on coherent excitation

Bruce W. Shore, Michael Austin Johnson

Published Apr 1, 1981• 17 citations

Abstract

We point out how the presence of hyperfine structure can improve the coherent excitation and ionization of $J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J\ensuremath{-}1$ and $J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J$ transitions. In the limit of Rabi frequency dominating hyperfine splitting one recovers previously noted rules.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.23.1608

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Physical Review A

Effects of hyperfine structure on coherent excitation

Bruce W. Shore, Michael Austin Johnson

Published Apr 1, 1981• 17 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We point out how the presence of hyperfine structure can improve the coherent excitation and ionization of

J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J\ensuremath{-}1

and

J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J

transitions. In the limit of Rabi frequency dominating hyperfine splitting one recovers previously noted rules.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.23.1608

Related papers

Nonstationary coherence effects in pulsed excitation of hyperfine structure transitions in optically oriented atoms

N. A. Dovator, R. A. Zhitnikov

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical PhysicsAug 1, 19790 citations

Observation of radiofrequency coherence during the excitation of hyperfine structure transitions in optically oriented atoms

O. S. Vasiutinskii, N. A. Dovator, R. A. Zhitnikov

Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической ФизикиMar 1, 19770 citations

Hyperfine structure and hyperfine coherent properties of praseodymium in single-crystalline La2(WO4)3 by hole-burning and photon-echo techniques

O. Guillot-Noël, Philippe Goldner, Florian Beaudoux +6 more

We studied the hyperfine structure and hyperfine coherent properties of the ${^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)$ transition of ${\text{Pr}}^{3+}$ ions in a tungstate single crystal ${\text{La}}_{2}{({\text{WO}}_{4})}_{3}$ by hole-burning and photon-echo techniques. This work is motivated by the search of an efficient three level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system in this new compound with which we could build up a quantum memory. By nonconventional hole-burning experiments, the ordering of the hyperfine splittings in the ${^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)$ ground state and in the ${^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)$ excited state is obtained. The hyperfine splittings are thus ordered: 24.6 and 14.9 MHz for the ${^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)$ level and 5.0 and 7.3 MHz for the ${^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)$ level. The relative and absolute transition strengths of individual hyperfine transitions are determined by comparing absorption strengths and by measuring the Rabi flopping frequency as the transition is coherently driven. Free induction and Raman echo decays give inhomogeneous and homogeneous hyperfine linewidths of $57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ and $1.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{kHz}$, respectively.We studied the hyperfine structure and hyperfine coherent properties of the ${^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)$ transition of ${\text{Pr}}^{3+}$ ions in a tungstate single crystal ${\text{La}}_{2}{({\text{WO}}_{4})}_{3}$ by hole-burning and photon-echo techniques. This work is motivated by the search of an efficient three level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system in this new compound with which we could build up a quantum memory. By nonconventional hole-burning experiments, the ordering of the hyperfine splittings in the ${^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)$ ground state and in the ${^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)$ excited state is obtained. The hyperfine splittings are thus ordered: 24.6 and 14.9 MHz for the ${^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)$ level and 5.0 and 7.3 MHz for the ${^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)$ level. The relative and absolute transition strengths of individual hyperfine transitions are determined by comparing absorption strengths and by measuring the Rabi flopping frequency as the transition is coherently driven. Free induction and Raman echo decays give inhomogeneous and homogeneous hyperfine linewidths of $57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ and $1.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{kHz}$, respectively.

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Hyperfine Structure and Coherent Properties of Erbium-167-doped Yttrium Orthosilicate

Jelena V. Rakonjac

Erbium-167-doped yttrium orthosilicate (167Er3+:Y2SiO5) is a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal which possesses unique properties that would make it an ideal microwave-addressed quantum memory. It has an optical transition at 1.5 µm, which lies in the telecom C-band where much of the optical telecommunications infrastructure is already operating. It also possesses both nuclear and electron spin states, and hyperfine structure with transitions at microwave frequencies. The hyperfine structure exhibits microwave frequency transitions with or without an applied magnetic field, which would allow for a memory compatible with superconducting systems. However, the complicated hyperfine structure has prevented the transitions of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5 from being fully utilised.\nWith the recent publication of new spin Hamiltonian parameters for the ground state of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5, we can predict which transitions should have the longest coherence time at zero field. Based on calculations using these spin Hamiltonian parameters, we used Raman heterodyne spectroscopy to investigate the hyperfine structure of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5 for small magnetic fields and for energy level differences from 600 to 1200 MHz. We observed many transitions from the 4I15/2 ground state, as well as the 4I13/2 excited state that until now has had little investigation regarding its hyperfine structure.\nBy comparing our spectra to the existing ground state spin Hamiltonian parameters, and unpublished excited state parameters, we identified the origin of many of the transitions. We observed differences between the predicted transition frequencies from both sets of parameters and the experimental data. The data obtained using Raman heterodyne was used to improve both ground and excited state parameters to give a better description of the zero-field hyperfine splittings.\nIn addition, we identified transitions from both the 4I15/2 ground and 4I13/2 excited state that have a small dependence on magnetic field. These transitions, with zero field frequencies of 879.4 MHz and 896.7 MHz respectively, yielded coherence times of 67 µs and 300 µs at 3.2 K, when measured with a two-pulse spin echo sequence. By using a dynamic decoupling sequence, we extending the coherence times of the transitions at 879.4 MHz to 380 µs and for the transitions at 896.7 MHz, to 1.4 ms.\nThese coherence time measurements demonstrate an improvement of a previous zero field coherence measurement in 167Er3+:Y2SiO5. By operating at lower temperatures, reducing the 167Er3+ ion concentration or using a different transition, it should be possible to extend the coherence time of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5 even further.Erbium-167-doped yttrium orthosilicate (167Er3+:Y2SiO5) is a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal which possesses unique properties that would make it an ideal microwave-addressed quantum memory. It has an optical transition at 1.5 µm, which lies in the telecom C-band where much of the optical telecommunications infrastructure is already operating. It also possesses both nuclear and electron spin states, and hyperfine structure with transitions at microwave frequencies. The hyperfine structure exhibits microwave frequency transitions with or without an applied magnetic field, which would allow for a memory compatible with superconducting systems. However, the complicated hyperfine structure has prevented the transitions of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5 from being fully utilised.\nWith the recent publication of new spin Hamiltonian parameters for the ground state of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5, we can predict which transitions should have the longest coherence time at zero field. Based on calculations using these spin Hamiltonian parameters, we used Raman heterodyne spectroscopy to investigate the hyperfine structure of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5 for small magnetic fields and for energy level differences from 600 to 1200 MHz. We observed many transitions from the 4I15/2 ground state, as well as the 4I13/2 excited state that until now has had little investigation regarding its hyperfine structure.\nBy comparing our spectra to the existing ground state spin Hamiltonian parameters, and unpublished excited state parameters, we identified the origin of many of the transitions. We observed differences between the predicted transition frequencies from both sets of parameters and the experimental data. The data obtained using Raman heterodyne was used to improve both ground and excited state parameters to give a better description of the zero-field hyperfine splittings.\nIn addition, we identified transitions from both the 4I15/2 ground and 4I13/2 excited state that have a small dependence on magnetic field. These transitions, with zero field frequencies of 879.4 MHz and 896.7 MHz respectively, yielded coherence times of 67 µs and 300 µs at 3.2 K, when measured with a two-pulse spin echo sequence. By using a dynamic decoupling sequence, we extending the coherence times of the transitions at 879.4 MHz to 380 µs and for the transitions at 896.7 MHz, to 1.4 ms.\nThese coherence time measurements demonstrate an improvement of a previous zero field coherence measurement in 167Er3+:Y2SiO5. By operating at lower temperatures, reducing the 167Er3+ ion concentration or using a different transition, it should be possible to extend the coherence time of 167Er3+:Y2SiO5 even further.

Jan 1, 20183 citations

Hyperfine effects in electromagnetically induced transparency

S D Badger, Ifan G. Hughes, Charles S. Adams

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical PhysicsNov 9, 200151 citations

We point out how the presence of hyperfine structure can improve the coherent excitation and ionization of

J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J\ensuremath{-}1

and

J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J

transitions. In the limit of Rabi frequency dominating hyperfine splitting one recovers previously noted rules.

We studied the hyperfine structure and hyperfine coherent properties of the ${^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)$ transition of

{\text{Pr}}^{3+}

ions in a tungstate single crystal

{\text{La}}_{2}{({\text{WO}}_{4})}_{3}

by hole-burning and photon-echo techniques. This work is motivated by the search of an efficient three level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system in this new compound with which we could build up a quantum memory. By nonconventional hole-burning experiments, the ordering of the hyperfine splittings in the

{^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)

ground state and in the

{^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)

excited state is obtained. The hyperfine splittings are thus ordered: 24.6 and 14.9 MHz for the

{^{3}\text{H}}_{4}(0)

level and 5.0 and 7.3 MHz for the

{^{1}\text{D}}_{2}(0)

level. The relative and absolute transition strengths of individual hyperfine transitions are determined by comparing absorption strengths and by measuring the Rabi flopping frequency as the transition is coherently driven. Free induction and Raman echo decays give inhomogeneous and homogeneous hyperfine linewidths of $57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ and $1.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{kHz}$, respectively.