Four slits interference and diffraction experiments

V.V. Demjanov

Diffraction patterns of electrons are believed to resemble those of electromagnetic waves (EMW). I performed a series of experiments invoked to show that the periodicity of peaks in the diffraction diagram of electrons is concerned with the periodicity of the arrangement of scattering centers in the diffraction grating in combination with the supposed character of the spatial structure of the electron as a system of regularly spaced concentric shells of elasticity. I started from the experiment on the diffraction of electrons and EMWs at the sharp edge of the opaque half-plane. This simple scattering configuration enabled me to discriminate between the re-radiation mechanism of the wave diffraction and ricochet scattering of electrons on the edge of the half-plane. Then I made experiments with scattering on composite objects proceeding step by step from a single straight edge to a couple of edges (one slit) and then to four edges (two slits). Thus I succeeded in interpretation of the double-slit diffraction (four straight edges) in terms of the scattering on a single edge. I managed also to observe the electron's trajectory. Equipping the slit's edge with a semiconductor sensors I registered the passing of the electron through the slit detecting simultaneously a weaker signal at another slit. This technique appeared not to destroy or disturb the "interference" pattern. Closing one slit by inserting therein a transparent for EMWs piece of dielectric I have found that the scattering pattern beneath this slit vanishes while the scattering pattern under the open slit remains as before when both slits were open. This experiment indicates that the electron "interferes" with its electromagnetic component passed via the slit plugged by the transparent for it dielectric.

Stefano Frabboni, G. C. Gazzadi, G. Pozzi

Hui Peng

Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery". Penrose (2022) states that “the current quantum mechanics […] is an inconsistent theory”. To study the mystery, explore the nature of light, and test Penrose’s statement, we experimentally show, for the first time, Four Novel Phenomena that are also new mysteries. Single slit Parallel double slit Non-parallel double slit Curved double slit (1) in the same double slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from the diaphragm, the patterns are non-interference and then, gradually evolve to the orthogonal interference patterns; (2) in the same single slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-diffraction and then, gradually evolve to the orthogonal diffraction patterns; (3) in the non-parallel-double-slits experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, we observe non-wave pattern and then, which gradually evolve to the hybrid patterns, namely the interference pattern embedded in the diffraction patterns; the hybrid patterns depend on the angle between two slits; (4) Curved-double slit produces non-wave pattern, then gradually evolve to Arc-interference pattern, and then, gradually evolving to Point-symmetry interference pattern. In order to show the universality of each of Four Novel Phenomena, we performed several experiments for each of Four Novel Phenomena. The differences between the single slit, parallel-double slit, non-parallel-double slit and Curved-double slit do not seem so suggestive. However, the patterns are unexpectedly fundamentally different. To consistently/completely explain above Four Novel Phenomena is the challenge to the existing wave theories. The new experimental phenomena support Penrose’s statement. Advances in physical optical experiments demand a consistent/complete theory.

Miguel A. Cervantes, A. A. Lipovka, M.M. Tavares

Hui Peng

Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery". Penrose (2022) states that “the current quantum mechanics […] is an inconsistent theory”. To study the mystery, explore the nature of light, and test Penrose’s statement, we experimentally show, for the first time, Four Novel Phenomena that are also new mysteries. Single slit Parallel double slit Non-parallel double slit Curved double slit (1) in the same double slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from the diaphragm, the patterns are non-interference and then, gradually evolve to the orthogonal interference patterns; (2) in the same single slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-diffraction and then, gradually evolve to the orthogonal diffraction patterns; (3) in the non-parallel-double-slits experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, we observe non-wave pattern and then, which gradually evolve to the hybrid patterns, namely the interference pattern embedded in the diffraction patterns; the hybrid patterns depend on the angle between two slits; (4) Curved-double slit produces non-wave pattern, then gradually evolve to Arc-interference pattern, and then, gradually evolving to Point-symmetry interference pattern. In order to show the universality of each of Four Novel Phenomena, we performed several experiments for each of Four Novel Phenomena. The differences between the single slit, parallel-double slit, non-parallel-double slit and Curved-double slit do not seem so suggestive. However, the patterns are unexpectedly fundamentally different. To consistently/completely explain above Four Novel Phenomena is the challenge to the existing wave theories. The new experimental phenomena support Penrose’s statement. Advances in physical optical experiments demand a consistent/complete theory.

Heather M. Hill