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European Conference on Optical Communication

Experimental Investigation on Using Phase Mask in Spectral-Phase-Encoded O-CDMA for Security Enhancement

Chiyu Yang, W. Cong, Fei Xue, Vincent J. Hernandez, Ryan P. Scott, J.P. Heritage, Brian H. Kolner, Zhi Jun Ding, S. J. Ben Yoo

Published Sep 1, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper experimentally investigates the plausibility of a phase masking scheme for SPECTS O-CDMA security enhancement. Implementation of the phase mask is demonstrated with experimental results showing the improvement in security.
DOI
10.1109/ecoc.2006.4801019

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This paper presents a simple and effective security enhancement mechanism for spectral phase-encoded time spread (SPECTS) optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) users against eavesdroppers tapping at the isolated single-user uplink stream. Traditional SPECTS O-CDMA users apply pseudorandom spectral phase codes to spread ON-OFF keyed ultrashort optical pulses in time. Isolated single-user upstream transmission is prone to energy detection by eavesdroppers, even those without code knowledge. In addition, it has been shown that the use of a pair of (bright/dark) codes to represent binary data transmission is still susceptible to differential phase shift keying (DPSK) eavesdroppers without code knowledge. To remedy this security weakness, we introduce a new type of O-CDMA data modulation with memory. This new method not only effectively defeats DPSK eavesdropping but also can provide good detection performance for authorized users. We successfully demonstrate the concealment of information from DPSK eavesdroppers with different levels of modulation information.
In this paper, two vulnerabilities that allow an eavesdropper to extract data from an isolated user in a two-code-keying spectrally phase-coded optical-code-division-multiple-access (O-CDMA) system are experimentally demonstrated. One of these vulnerabilities stems from spectral dips that result from phase-to-amplitude conversion in the encoding process, which allows eavesdropping by using a narrowband tunable optical filter and a simple energy detector. A modified O-CDMA transmitter scheme that masks this vulnerability is demonstrated. A second, especially serious, vulnerability allows eavesdropping by using a differential-phase-shift-keying receiver. Both of these vulnerabilities arise from a structure in the coding and signaling schemes that allow an eavesdropper to recover data, with relatively simple hardware and without attempting to learn the codes