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Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics

On the alleged non-existence of orbitals

Peter Mulder

Published Apr 22, 2010• 12 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.shpsb.2010.02.003

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It is widely spread in the literature that non-Markovianity (NM) may be regarded as a resource in quantum mechanics. However, it is still unclear how and when this alleged resource may be exploited. Here, we study the relationship between NM and quantum optimal control under the objective of generating entanglement within MMM noninteracting subsystems, each one coupled to the same non-Markovian environment. Thus, we design a variety of entangling protocols that are only achievable due to the existence of the environment. We show that NM plays a crucial role in all the entangling protocols considered, revealing that the degree of NM completely determines the success of the entangling operation performed by the control. This is a demonstration of the virtues of NM and the way that it can be exploited in a general entangling setup.
The eigenvalue density of a quantum-mechanical system exhibits oscillations, determined by the closed orbits of the corresponding classical system; this relationship is simple and strong for waves in billiards or on manifolds, but becomes slightly muddy for a Schrodinger equation with a potential, where the orbits depend on the energy. We discuss several variants of a way to restore the simplicity by rescaling the coupling constant or the size of the orbit or both. In each case the relation between the oscillation frequency and the period of the orbit is inspected critically; in many cases it is observed that a characteristic length of the orbit is a better indicator. When these matters are properly understood, the periodic-orbit theory for generic quantum systems recovers the clarity and simplicity that it always had for the wave equation in a cavity. Finally, we comment on the alleged "paradox" that semiclassical periodic-orbit theory is more effective in calculating low energy level...
The eigenvalue density of a quantum-mechanical system exhibits oscillations, determined by the closed orbits of the corresponding classical system; this relationship is simple and strong for waves in billiards or on manifolds, but becomes slightly muddy for a Schrödinger equation with a potential, where the orbits depend on the energy.In special cases the simplicity has been restored by rescaling the size of the orbit, and perhaps a coupling constant at the same time.We point out that the goal can be achieved for any system of this class simply by rescaling the overall coupling constant.In each of these situations we inspect critically the relation between the oscillation frequency and the period of the orbit; in many cases it is observed that a characteristic length of the orbit is a better indicator.When these matters are properly understood, the periodic-orbit theory for generic quantum systems recovers the clarity and simplicity that it always had for the wave equation in a cavity.Finally, we comment on the alleged 'paradox' that semiclassical periodic-orbit theory is more effective in calculating low energy levels than high ones.