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Optics Letters

Optical memory based on heterodyne-detected accumulated photon echoes

S. Saikan, Kiyoshi Uchikawa, Akira Furusawa, Takanori Kishida, A. Imaoka, H. Oosawa

Published Aug 15, 1989• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical memory based on heterodyne-detected accumulated photon echoes has been demonstrated in dye-doped polymers. Compared with previously developed time-domain optical memory, writing and reading of higher bit data is possible owing to the superior time resolution of this method.
DOI
10.1364/ol.14.000841

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We propose and demonstrate a novel type of frequency-selective optical memory that writes and reads the data in both the time domain and the frequency domain. Temporal 16-bit data were stored by accumulated-photon-echo bit-by-bit storage at 103 frequency addresses within the inhomogeneous line of the (7)F(0)-(5)D(0) transition of Eu(3+):Y(2)SiO(5), which yields a total memory capacity of 1.6 kbits in a single spot of 240-microm diameter. The keys to the success of this experiment are this material's long dephasing time and lack of spectral diffusion.
The time resolution of a heterodyne-detected accumulated photon echo has been improved significantly by using a dye laser whose lasing frequency is repetitively scanned. A time resolution of less than 30 fsec was obtained, even with a non-mode-locked cw dye laser. This technique is applicable provided that the absorption recovery time of the sample is longer than the repetition period of the frequency-scanning dye laser. The absorption recovery times of several dyes that were doped with polyvinyl alcohol have also been measured.
Optical data storage has been interested in several decades because of the potential of fast access time and high-density storage. Recently volume holographic data storage technique has drawn much interest as new materials and improved techniques have developed.1 However, the large of hologram storage is restricted by low diffraction efficiency and mainly focused to read only memory because of the material's characteristic difficult to rewrite in short time interval. Another optical memory technique (photon echo optical memory)2 based on time-domain has developed since 1980's and made big progress for the area of real time image processing and dynamic random access memory. In this technique, data pulses interfere with timely separated write pulse (reference), and their interference pattern is written as population gratings. A read pulse (reference) retrieves each data pulse information as a four-wave mixing process. The write and read pulse separations are restricted by phase and population decay times of the material, respectively, and storage density is determined by the ratio of inhomogeneous to homogeneous linewidths. Even though photon echo technique has advantages of fast access time (≥ ns) and high-density (≥ Mbits/laser spot), its operating temperature is kept extremely low around liquid helium temperature. This is because that homogeneous decay time rapidly shortens as temperature increases due to phonon interactions, i.e., the ratio of inhomogeneous to homogeneous decay rates is ~ 1 at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) in a rare-earth doped solid, so that restricts its applications.
Fourier-transform spectroscopy using the technique of femtosecond accumulated photon echo with incoherent light has been performed in dye-doped polymers. Several types of interference effect or quantum beat between the zero-phonon line and other spectral components including the phonon sideband, the vibronic lines, and the photoproduct state have been observed. Based on the density matrix incorporating the transition-frequency modulation, it is pointed out that the factorization approximation for the relaxation function holds rigorously in the accumulated photon echo. We also clarified that the Fourier cosine transform of the heterodyne-detected echo signal provides the hole-burning spectrum.
We demonstrated partial erasing of temporal optical data on a picosecond time scale by use of accumulated photon echoes. In a photon-echo memory the temporal data at time tau are stored as a frequency grating of period 1/tau in the absorption spectrum of a material. Partial erasing of the temporal data is achieved by irradiation of the material with a pulse pair at time separation tau , but the phase of one of the pulses is shifted 180 degrees . This process does not produce a frequency grating, and no echo is emitted. The experiment was performed with a dye-doped polymer film. The 180 degrees phase shift was obtained by use of a half-wave plate.