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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Infinite- and finite-spin Ising chains at low temperatures

M R Davies, C K Harris, Robin B. Stinchcombe

Published Feb 1, 1981• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Transfer matrix methods are used to obtain the partition function and correlation length of Ising chains at low temperatures. For the infinite-spin chain, asymptotically exact eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained from an iteration scheme, and from a secular equation method. It is also shown how the Ising chain for general spin S (including S to infinity ) may be treated using a 2*2 transfer matrix. For low temperatures (K identical to J/K B T>>1) the inverse correlation length, in units of the spin spacing, is xi -1 =4S e -2K +O(e -4K ) for finite S, and xi -1 =8K e -2K (ln 4K+ gamma +O((lnK)/K)) for infinite spin where gamma is Euler's constant.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/14/2/021

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Transfer matrix methods are used to obtain the partition function and correlation length of Ising chains at low temperatures. For the infinite-spin chain, asymptotically exact eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained from an iteration scheme, and from a secular equation method. It is also shown how the Ising chain for general spin S (including S to infinity ) may be treated using a 2*2 transfer matrix. For low temperatures (K identical to J/K B T>>1) the inverse correlation length, in units of the spin spacing, is xi -1 =4S e -2K +O(e -4K ) for finite S, and xi -1 =8K e -2K (ln 4K+ gamma +O((lnK)/K)) for infinite spin where gamma is Euler's constant.
The partition function z, the pair correlation function ρ, and the zero-field susceptibility χ for the one-dimensional Ising model with infinite spin, are expressed in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of an integral equation. The eigenfunctions of the integral equation are shown to be the oblate spheroidal wavefunctions, and, from known asymptotic expansions, high- and low-temperature expansions are given for z, ρ, and χ. It is shown that the low-temperature behavior of z, ρ, and χ differs qualitatively from the corresponding behavior for all finite spin.
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Exact solution of the magnetic susceptibility for an S = 1/2 defective finite Ising chain is obtained by employing the transfer matrix method. The thermal dependence of susceptibility multiplied by temperature for the chain coupled to different magnetic impurities is investigated at all T ≥ 0. The results show that in the zero temperature limit the product of these two quantities equals the square of the net spin, demonstrating that Curie’s constants are truly invariant at low temperatures. The intrinsic properties of net spin are also reflected through their different responses to the parity of chain length at low temperature. In addition, the impacts of various host–impurity couplings as well as single-ion anisotropies on the susceptibility are discussed as well.
We communicate results on correlation functions for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain in two particularly important cases: (a) for the infinite chain at arbitrary finite temperature T, and (b) for finite chains of arbitrary length L in the ground state. In both cases we present explicit formulas expressing the short-range correlators in a range of up to seven lattice sites in terms of a single function ω encoding the dependence of the correlators on T (L). These formulas allow us to obtain accurate numerical values for the correlators and derived quantities like the entanglement entropy. By calculating the low T (large L) asymptotics of ω we show that the asymptotics of the static correlation functions at any finite distance are T(2) (1/L(2)) terms. We obtain exact and explicit formulas for the coefficients for up to eight sites.