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Physical Review Letters

Propagating Elementary Excitation in a Dilute Optical Lattice

J.-Y. Courtois, S. Guibal, D. R. Meacher, Philippe Verkerk, G. Grynberg

Published Jul 1, 1996• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Propagating elementary excitations characterized by a well-defined propagation velocity (such as acoustic waves) are usually considered as being typical of condensed matter or dense fluids. We show that this requirement is actually not necessary. We predict in the case of a dilute optical lattice the occurrence of a propagating excitation mode which can induce a stimulated scattering mechanism analogous to stimulated Brillouin scattering, although it does not involve any interaction between atoms. We also present the results of an experimental investigation in cesium that demonstrates the existence of this novel stimulated scattering process.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.77.40

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Propagating elementary excitations characterized by a well-defined propagation velocity (such as acoustic waves) are usually considered as being typical of condensed matter or dense fluids. We show that this requirement is actually not necessary. We predict in the case of a dilute optical lattice the occurrence of a propagating excitation mode which can induce a stimulated scattering mechanism analogous to stimulated Brillouin scattering, although it does not involve any interaction between atoms. We also present the results of an experimental investigation in cesium that demonstrates the existence of this novel stimulated scattering process.
We present a study of pump-probe spectroscopy experiments in an optical lattice. The probe transmission spectrum contains three types of resonances similar to those found in usual nonlinear media: Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh resonances. We show evidence of the existence of a propagating elementary excitation in the lattice which involves no interaction between the particles and lead to a Brillouin-like scattering. We discuss the central Rayleigh resonance and show that its shape is sensitive to the radiation pressure.
Acousto-optic soliton generation via stimulated Brillouin self-scattering is predicted for light propagating at the speed of sound under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. As in stimulated Raman self-scattering, the frequency of the electromagnetic component is gradually Stokes shifted as its intensity increases; the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. This phenomenon is explained by the possibility of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in nondispersive media. In contrast to stimulated Raman self-scattering, the Stokes shift of the electromagnetic component approaches a constant limit after the pulse has propagated to a certain distance. It is shown that the predicted soliton generation does not involve any threshold condition and can occur at extremely low input pulse intensities.
We examine the stimulated light scattering onto the propagation modes of a dissipative optical lattice. We show that two different pump-probe configurations may lead to the excitation, via different mechanisms, of the same mode. We found that in one configuration the scattering on the propagation mode results in a resonance in the probe transmission spectrum while in the other configuration no modification of the scattering spectrum occurs, i.e., the mode is dark. A theoretical explanation of this behavior is provided.
Recent experiments demonstrating storage of optical pulses in acoustic phonons via stimulated Brillouin scattering raise questions about the spectral and temporal capacities of such protocols and the limitations of the theoretical frameworks routinely used to describe them. We consider the dynamics of photon-phonon scattering induced by optical pulses with temporal widths comparable to the period of acoustic oscillations. We revisit the widely adopted classical formalism of coupled modes and demonstrate its breakdown. We use a simple extension to the formulation and find potentially measurable consequences in the dynamics of Brillouin experiments involving ultrashort pulses.
The possibility of forming a stable optical-acoustic soliton in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency has been analyzed under the condition that the group velocity of light in a medium with stimulated Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering decreases to the speed of sound. This possibility exists because the forward Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in a nondispersive medium, is allowed under this condition. The optical component is an envelope pulse, and the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. It has been shown that such a soliton can be formed for anomalously low input intensities of the optical pulse.
When a high-intensity laser beam passes through a transparent and homogeneous optical medium, the induced light scattering may manifest the properties of stimulated radiation characterized by threshold requirement, high directionality, and high brightness. This is the stimulated scattering of intense coherent light. Discoveries and studies of various types of stimulated scattering effects have provided a much deeper and more comprehensive understanding of interactions between the intense coherent light and matter. On the other hand, devices based on stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and stimulated spin-flip Raman scattering can be employed as highly efficient tunable frequency shifters of coherent light. Stimulated Kerr scattering can be used to generate a super-broadband coherent light and to investigate the molecular anisotropy of liquids. In addition, the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering and stimulated Mie scattering can significantly reduce the threshold requirement, and provide a highly efficient no-frequency-shift optical phase conjugation wave.