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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Superradiance of Frenkel excitons with any degree of excitation prepared by a short-pulse laser

Tetsuji Tokihiro, Yoshihiro Manabe, Eiichi Hanamura

Published Mar 15, 1995• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Collective spontaneous emission from a one-dimensional mesoscopic exciton system interacting via static dipole moments is investigated by virtue of the analogy to the quantum XXZ spin chain. The rigorous expression for the initial state is obtained at any degree of excitation from the ground state by a short intense laser pulse. The emission profile from the initial state with partial population inversion exhibits oscillations and very rapid decay in comparison with that from the completely inverted state. The time-resolved emission spectra are also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.51.7655

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jan 30, 2008•0 citations
Collective spontaneous emission from a one-dimensional mesoscopic exciton system interacting via static dipole moments is investigated by virtue of the analogy to the quantum XXZ spin chain. The rigorous expression for the initial state is obtained at any degree of excitation from the ground state by a short intense laser pulse. The emission profile from the initial state with partial population inversion exhibits oscillations and very rapid decay in comparison with that from the completely inverted state. The time-resolved emission spectra are also discussed.
We study the collective spontaneous emission of a linear atomic chain excited by a single photon. The interaction between the atoms and the common vacuum field can significantly change the eigenenergy and the spontaneous emission rate of the system. Due to the dipole-dipole interactions, the system prepared in a single-photon timed Dicke state is the superposition of superradiant and subradiant eigenstates that can have a nonexponential decay dynamics. We can tune the frequency and linewidth of the superradiant and subradiant emission from a timed Dicke state by changing the direction of the atomic dipole moment or the atomic separation. In addition, the emission direction of the superradiant and subradiant photons also depends on the polarization of the atoms.
Superradiance is an extensive cooperative spontaneous emission phenomenon, exhibited by some atomic collective-spin states. However, distinct initial states differ in their decay dynamics. Dicke states ∣j,m⟩|j,m\rangle∣j,m⟩ with distinct numbers of excitations n=m+jn=m+jn=m+j, driven by vacuum fluctuations, have their peak emission intensity shifted in time. Rotating Dicke states relative to the decay axis introduces an interesting parity structure that affects the pulse profile and photon correlations. Squeezed-bath prepared states undergo a squeezing-controlled crossover to the rotated Dicke states, making the emission character dependent on the amount of squeezing transferred from light to the atomic state. For semiclassical states with a macroscopic dipole moment, like the atomic coherent state, the emission intensity depends on their polarization. We present detailed results on the superradiant dynamics of a representative selection of states expanded in Dicke states to highlight the initial state as an independent dynamical control parameter. For large-NNN, we are able to predict fairly accurately the pulse profile in each case using the mean-field approximation, an approach based on the Fokker--Planck equation. We also present comparative results on the intensity correlation function, quantify the coherent and incoherent contributions of the emission, and contrast between small and large ensembles.
The possibility of exploiting the dynamic electron-nucleus interaction to create a nuclear population inversion in a short-lifetime excited state has been discussed,1 and work on some models incorporating nonlinear or nonperturbative approaches continues. In addition, there is also recent interest in the question of whether the superradiant effect is observable in nuclear gamma transitions from such an inversion.2 Here we examine the symmetry effect which leads to the N or N2 dependence of enhanced spontaneous emission described by Dicke in boson fields as applied to nuclear transitions. Recent laser approaches treating nuclear superradiance as a transient laser pulse involving stimulated emission do not examine that symmetry. A classification scheme based on the unitary and permutation groups is used to describe basic decay rate characteristics, spatial dependence of the cooperation number, and multilevel effects in the short-wavelength regime.
Dicke's superradiance from a gas system of atoms and molecules was described in terms of two-level atoms, i.e., as an assembly of half-spin operators. In this system the magnitude of the total spin, which is called a cooperation number, is conserved at the maximum for the whole radiative process. We will answer in this paper how this superradiance is modified in the crystal in which an excitation can propagate from atom to atom through dipolar interactions. As a prototype of a crystal, we choose a linear chain of two-level atoms. The superradiance master equation of this system can be solved in terms of the exact solution of Lieb, Shultz, and Mattis for the spin system. The first effect is that the emitted frequency shows opposite shifts red and blue, respectively, for the first and second halves of the superradiance pulse, or vice versa, depending upon the sign of the transfer-matrix element of the excitation. The second effect is the appearance of a slow component in the emission tail, which originates from mixture of the states with smaller cooperation numbers or smaller oscillator strength under the transfer of the excitations. These results are demonstrated for a mesoscopic system of linear chains.
We report on observation of spontaneous emissions from a single quantum dot after resonant excitation. To capture weak emissions from a single quantum dot, reflection of an excitation laser was reduced by applying obliquely incident geometry and crossed polarization configuration. In addition, collected emissions were temporally resolved to be separated from residual reflection. These allowed us to realize a simple manipulation and read out of an exciton qubit. We observed an exciton Rabi oscillation in excitation amplitude dependence of the emission intensity. We determined an exciton dipole moment from the Rabi oscillation and from the emission decay time, independently. Comparison between the two values shows reasonable agreement.