Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Stimulated Photon Echo Modulation in Ruby

Shunsuke Nakanishi, O. Tamura, 孝夫村本, Tsuneo Hashi

Published Jan 1, 1980• 12 citations

Abstract

A stimulated photon echo modulation varying in T (separation between the second and third pulses) due to the superhyperfine interaction between a Cr ion and neighboring Al nuclei has been observed in ruby by using a Stark switching technique. The modulation was observed for a time much longer than T 2 , and much higher resolution was obtained than by two-pulse photon echo experiments. An apparent disagreement between theoretical and experimental modulation patterns was noticed in the region where T > T 2 .

DOI: 10.1143/jjap.19.l57

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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Stimulated Photon Echo Modulation in Ruby

Shunsuke Nakanishi, O. Tamura, 孝夫村本, Tsuneo Hashi

Published Jan 1, 1980• 12 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1143/jjap.19.l57

Related papers

On-axis photon-echo modulation in ruby

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Theoretical and experimental studies of photon-echo modulation for the four σ transitions of the R1 line in ruby with an on-axis magnetic field are described. Echoes originating from the Cr3+ ground-state 4A2 (−3/2) spin level (−3/2 echo) are studied for the first time. Unlike ±½ echoes, the −3/2-echo modulation is found to be dominated by Cr–Al interactions occurring outside the 13 inner-shell ions. The +½-echo modulation is observed to be in major disagreement with the theory using previously determined superhyperfine parameters. Regression-analysis studies indicate that this cannot be due solely to parameter errors. Finite nuclear linewidths and/or optical pumping effects are shown to be a plausible source of the disagreement.Theoretical and experimental studies of photon-echo modulation for the four σ transitions of the R1 line in ruby with an on-axis magnetic field are described. Echoes originating from the Cr3+ ground-state 4A2 (−3/2) spin level (−3/2 echo) are studied for the first time. Unlike ±½ echoes, the −3/2-echo modulation is found to be dominated by Cr–Al interactions occurring outside the 13 inner-shell ions. The +½-echo modulation is observed to be in major disagreement with the theory using previously determined superhyperfine parameters. Regression-analysis studies indicate that this cannot be due solely to parameter errors. Finite nuclear linewidths and/or optical pumping effects are shown to be a plausible source of the disagreement.

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^{4}A({m}_{s}=\frac{3}{2})

^{2}E({m}_{s}=\frac{1}{2})

transition, (iii) the dependence of the echo on the direction and magnitude of an external magnetic field, (iv) the echo behavior at the 2.06- and 4.12-kG level crossings, and (v) the photon-echo decay in low magnetic fields. In addition, the experiments presented here show that the Cr-Al magnetic interactions in the

^{2}E

excited state are roughly the same as the corresponding interactions in the

^{4}A_{2}

ground state. The relationship of the photon-echo results to recent fluorescence-linewidth measurements is discussed.

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

ion in the

^{2}E(\overline{E})

optically excited state in ruby. Most of these parameters are found to be within a few percent of the values associated with

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

in the

^{4}A_{2}

ground state. Resonances are also observed associated with the latter, state, and they are in agreement with previous spin-echo ENDOR work. High resolution is obtained by using a gated cw ruby laser which generates a rapid train of three-pulse stimulated-photon echoes with a long time interval between the second and third excitation pulses. The theoretical behavior of the PENDOR effect is discussed with emphasis on the ability to disentangle complicated multiple overlapping resonances by causing whole sets of resonances to disappear in a controlled way.