Elementary quanta of open systems

H. J. Carmichael

Elemér Elad Rosinger

Ever since the celebrated 1964 paper of John Bell, the statement that " Quantum systems violate the Bell inequalities " , [1,2], has a very large support among quantum physicists as well as others claiming some knowledge about quanta. Amusingly, it has so far escaped the general notice that, if indeed, quanta do violate that Bell inequalities, then-due to elementary facts of Logic-they must also violate all other valid mathematical relations, thus among them, the equation 0 = 0. Here the respective elementary facts of Logic are presented.

Esteban Calzetta, B. L. Hu

Hélène Perrin

Weakly interacting atomic gases at ultra-low temperatures are superfluid. Owing to the high degree of control they offer, these quantum gases give access to a wonderful playground to explore superfluid dynamics. In particular, quantum gases flowing inside waveguides can mimic the behavior of electrons in superconducting circuits, opening the new field of 'atomtronics.' The elementary circuit is the ring, where the atomic circulation is expected to be quantized. I will discuss two opposite limits: the production of a small current of a few quanta, and the fast rotation regime where the velocity exceeds the speed of sound.

Esteban A. Calzetta, B. L. Hu

Osvaldo Frota Pessoa Junior

This paper is the first step in an investigation of whether microscopic events can be reduced to a mereological composition of elementary events, especially in biological systems. The hypothesis is made that, between events in which quanta are exchanged, there is causal flow, but strictly speaking no events take place. A causal event is characterized by the possibility of an intervention or manipulation. Thus, three types of quantum mechanical events may be found: (1) detection of a quantum of energy; (2) confinement by an apparatus in a Glauber coherent state; (3) null result measurement (without exchange of quanta). The paper explores these three types of elementary causal events, e sets forth as the next step the investigation of the causal events involved in the action of a molecular motor.