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International Journal of Quantum Information

ASYMMETRIC QUANTUM PRODUCT CODES

Giuliano G. La Guardia

Published Feb 1, 2012• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A family of asymmetric quantum codes derived from the product code of two (classical) Reed–Solomon (RS) codes is constructed in this paper. This family is constructed by applying the Calderbank–Shor–Steane (CSS) construction. The proposed codes can be utilized in quantum channels having great asymmetry, that is, quantum channels in which the probability of occurrence of phase-shift errors is large when compared to the probability of occurrence of qudit-flip errors.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749912500050

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A family of asymmetric quantum codes derived from the product code of two (classical) Reed–Solomon (RS) codes is constructed in this paper. This family is constructed by applying the Calderbank–Shor–Steane (CSS) construction. The proposed codes can be utilized in quantum channels having great asymmetry, that is, quantum channels in which the probability of occurrence of phase-shift errors is large when compared to the probability of occurrence of qudit-flip errors.
Recently, quantum error-correcting codes have been proposed that capitalize on the fact that many physical error models lead to a significant asymmetry between the probabilities for bit- and phase-flip errors. An example for a channel that exhibits such asymmetry is the combined amplitude damping and dephasing channel, where the probabilities of bit and phase flips can be related to relaxation and dephasing time, respectively. We study asymmetric quantum codes that are obtained from the Calderbank–Shor–Steane (CSS) construction. For such codes, we derive upper bounds on the code parameters using linear programming. A central result of this paper is the explicit construction of some new families of asymmetric quantum stabilizer codes from pairs of nested classical codes. For instance, we derive asymmetric codes using a combination of Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) and finite geometry low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We show that the asymmetric quantum codes offer two advantages, namely to allow a higher rate without sacrificing performance when compared with symmetric codes and vice versa to allow a higher performance when compared with symmetric codes of comparable rates. Our approach is based on a CSS construction that combines BCH and finite geometry LDPC codes.
Recently, the theory of quantum error control codes has been extended to include quantum codes over asymmetric quantum channels - qubit-flip and phase-shift errors may have equal or different probabilities. Previous work in constructing quantum error control codes has focused on code constructions for symmetric quantum channels. In this paper we establish a method to construct asymmetric quantum codes based on classical codes. We derive, once again, families of asymmetric quantum codes from classical BCH and RS codes over finite fields. Particularly, we present interesting asymmetric quantum codes based on nonprimitive narrow-sense BCH codes with parameters [[n, k, dz/dx]]qfor certain values of code lengths, dimensions, and various minimum distance. Finally, our constructions are well explained by an illustrative example.
Several notions of code products are known in quantum error correction, such as hypergraph products, homological products, lifted products, balanced products, to name a few. In this paper we introduce a new product code construction which is a natural generalization of classical product codes to quantum codes: starting from a set of component Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes, a larger CSS code is obtained where both X parity checks and Z parity checks are associated to classical product codes. We deduce several properties of product CSS codes from the properties of the component codes, including bounds to the code distance, and show that built-in redundancies in the parity checks result in so-called meta-checks which can be exploited to correct syndrome read-out errors. We then specialize to the case of single-parity-check (SPC) product codes which in the classical domain are a common choice for constructing product codes. Logical error rate simulations of a SPC 3 -fold product CSS code having parameters [[512,174,8]] are shown under both a maximum likelihood decoder for the erasure channel and belief propagation decoding for depolarizing noise. We compare the results with other codes of comparable length and dimension, including a code from the family of asymptotically good Tanner codes. We observe that our reference product CSS code outperforms all the other examined codes.
Abstract. It is recently conjectured in quantum information processing that phase-shift errors occur with high probability than qubit-flip errors, hence the former is more disturbing to quantum information than the later one. This leads us to construct asymmetric quantum error controlling codes to protect quantum information over asymmetric channels, Pr Z ≥ Pr X. In this paper we present two generic methods to derive asymmetric quantum cyclic codes using the generator polynomials and defining sets of classical cyclic codes. Consequently, the methods allow us to construct several families of asymmetric quantum BCH, RS, and RM codes. Finally, the methods are used to construct families of asymmetric subsystem codes. 1