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Optics Letters

Efficient sum-frequency mixing through transparency induced by autoionization

Takashi Nakajima

Published Jan 15, 2002• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that efficient sum-frequency mixing is possible through transparency induced by autoionization. Tuning the incident laser frequencies to the absorption minimum of an autoionizing resonance for the generated wave greatly reduces the linear absorption of the generated wave while third-order susceptibility is still enhanced. The proposed scheme does not require any strong radiative couplings and would be particularly useful for the generation of short-wavelength radiation.

DOI
10.1364/ol.27.000116

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It is shown that efficient sum-frequency mixing is possible through transparency induced by autoionization. Tuning the incident laser frequencies to the absorption minimum of an autoionizing resonance for the generated wave greatly reduces the linear absorption of the generated wave while third-order susceptibility is still enhanced. The proposed scheme does not require any strong radiative couplings and would be particularly useful for the generation of short-wavelength radiation.
The generation of tunable, nanosecond-pulsed extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light (84.92nm(84.92\mathrm{nm}(84.92nm to 84.97nm84.97\mathrm{nm}84.97nm $\ensuremath{\sim}14.6\mathrm{eV})$ using four-wave mixing in optically deep krypton gas was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The sum-frequency mixing scheme generated light from two overlapping autoionizing resonances, ${17s}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${15d}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. We investigated whether the laser-induced atomic coherence effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) could enhance the intensity of the EUV light generated. The maximum EUV output was seen from the region where the ${15d}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ autoionizing resonance has a transparency window due to Fano-type quantum interference. An analytical model using appropriate atomic parameters explains how background absorption can prevent EIT enhancement of EUV generation; and shows how a background Raman-like coupling term in the nonlinear susceptibility can well describe the measured EUV generation spectrum.
We analyze a four-wave-mixing (FWM) scheme in a five-level atomic system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that EIT suppresses both two-photon and three-photon absorptions in the FWM scheme and enables the four-wave mixing to proceed through real, resonant intermediate states without absorption loss. The scheme results in a several orders of magnitude increase in the FWM efficiency in comparison with a recent scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 143902 (2002)] and may be used for generating short-wavelength radiation at low pump intensities.
A theory of quantum control of short-wavelength sum-frequency generation, which employs the continuum states, is developed. The proposed scheme employs all-resonant coupling and trade-off optimization of the accompanying constructive and destructive quantum interference effects in the lower-order and higher-order polarizations controlled by the overlap of two autoionizinglike laser-induced continuum structures. The scheme does not rely on adiabatic passage, coherent population trapping or maximum atomic coherence as a means to facilitate maximum output. The opportunities for manipulating transparency of the medium and refractive index for the fundamental and generated radiations, as well as nonlinear polarization in the multiple-resonant medium, are shown. This opens the feasibility of creating frequency-tunable narrowband filters, polarization rotators, and dispersive elements for vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The features specific for quantum interference in Doppler-broadened media are investigated. The feasibility of almost complete conversion of long-wavelength fundamental radiation into generated short-wavelength radiation, and of a dramatic decrease in the intensity of required fundamental radiations, is shown.