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Chinese Physics

A secure identification system using coherent states

Guangqiang He, Zeng Gui-Hua

Published Jan 16, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum identification system based on the transformation of polarization of a mesoscopic coherent state is proposed. Physically, an initial polarization state which carries the identity information is transformed into an arbitrary elliptical polarization state. To verify the identity of a communicator, a reverse procedure is performed by the receiver. For simply describing the transformation procedure, the analytical methods of Poincaré sphere and quaternion are adopted. Since quantum noise provides such a measurement uncertainty for the eavesdropping that the identity information cannot be retrieved from the elliptical polarization state, the proposed scheme is secure.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/15/2/023

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A quantum identification system based on the transformation of polarization of a mesoscopic coherent state is proposed. Physically, an initial polarization state which carries the identity information is transformed into an arbitrary elliptical polarization state. To verify the identity of a communicator, a reverse procedure is performed by the receiver. For simply describing the transformation procedure, the analytical methods of Poincaré sphere and quaternion are adopted. Since quantum noise provides such a measurement uncertainty for the eavesdropping that the identity information cannot be retrieved from the elliptical polarization state, the proposed scheme is secure.
Although it is typically assumed that both communicating parties in quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) are trustworthy, it is essential to consider the authentication issue. An effective QSDC strategy based on identification authentication is proposed to address the issues of identity legitimacy and communication efficiency in QSDC. The proposed method authenticates and transmits messages using only four single-photon polarization states, detects eavesdropping, and authenticates the receiver's identification with a shared identity key, enabling secure message delivery while validating the receiver's identity. The approach is simple and efficient as it requires no sophisticated entanglement resources. A single-photon sequence transmitted at a time can encode the same number of message blocks of length N, i.e., every single photon contains N times its information and distinguishes them using markings. Moreover, it can be shown that the proposed QSDC with identity authentication is more resistant to typical attacks, thus more appropriate for practical implementations.
An optical secure communication system based on digital chaos and Polarization Shift Keying (PolSK) technology is proposed. In several selected PolSK schemes, states of polarization are partially or totally uniform on Poincare sphere. Different PolSK schemes are chosen according to the real-time chaos-based pseudo-random sequences to modulate original information in different periods of clock of the transmitter. In the receiver, according to the synchronous chaotic sequences, corresponding PolSK schemes are used to demodulate the information. Simulation is carried out by using the softwares of OptiSystem and Matlab. Some analysis results are presented. In the conclusion, this system works well in communication and has strong anti-attack capacity.
In this paper, we design and simulate a quantum optical communications system based on polarization state mapping to Hamiltonian sphere. We develop a mapping method for quantum Stokes receiver reading the data. A ring-structure encoder and decoder are also applied for the quantum encryption. With simulation results demonstration, our quantum communication system can provide a well security for information processing. Our achievements provide a new way for designing, manipulating and realizing a quantum communication system in the future.
In response to the demand for identity authentication in quantum secure direct communication, this paper proposes a quantum secure direct communication scheme based on a mixture of single photon and Bell state, by combining the bidirectional identity authentication. Before communication begins, both parties share a series of secret information to prepare a series of single photon and Bell state particles. Encoding four single photons and four Bell states yields eight types of encoded information, followed by identity authentication. The first step in identity authentication is to use a single photon to verify the legitimacy of the receiver. If the error exceeds the given threshold, it indicates the presence of eavesdropping. Otherwise, the channel is safe. Then, Bell state particles are used to verify the legitimacy of the sender, and the threshold is also used to determine whether there is eavesdropping. The present method is the same as previous one. If the error rate is higher than the given threshold, it indicates the existence of third-party eavesdropping. Otherwise, it indicates that the channel is secure. As for the specific verification method, it will be explained in detail in the article. Afterwards, Bell state particles are mixed with a single photon as a transmission carrier, and eavesdropping detection particles are added whenever the quantum state is sent. However, once the eavesdropper intercepts the transmitted particles, owing to incomplete information obtained, the eavesdropper is unable to recover the original information, and the eavesdropping behavior will be immediately detected, thus terminating communication. In this scheme, single photon and Bell states are fully utilized, and hybrid communication can effectively improve transmission efficiency, encoding capability, and quantum bit utilization. Security analysis shows that this scheme can resist common external and internal attacks such as interception/measurement replay attacks, auxiliary particle attacks, and identity impersonation attacks. The analysis of efficiency and encoding capacity shows that the transmission efficiency of this scheme is 1, the encoding capacity is 3 bits per state, and the quantum bit utilization rate is 1. Compared with other schemes, this scheme has significant advantages because it uses different particles for bidirectional authentication, making it more difficult for attackers to crack, and thus it has higher security than traditional schemes.
Polarization state modulation(PM) It is known that satellite communication signals are easy to eavesdrop and how to realize secure transmission is the key problem. This paper proposes a secure transmission scheme based on the polarized constellation rotation and the weighted fractional Fourier transform. Firstly, the pseudo-random sequence is used to process the phase of the two components of polarization signals to make them change randomly, and the constellation points will randomly rotate around the horizontal polarization axis in the Poincare sphere. Then two polarization signals are processed by WFRFT with different orders separately to further distort the polarization constellation. In this manner, the constellation points will be randomly distributed in, on and outside the sphere improve the transmission security. In addition, with the proposed, it is difficult for the eavesdropper to accurately recover the WFRFT parameters and when there are errors in the cracked WFRFT parameters, self-interferences occur in the recovered signals, which causes a decrease in the SNR of the signals received by the eavesdropper. In this way, it also obtains a positive secrecy capacity to ensure the transmission security. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is verified from three aspects: polarization constellation distortion, security capacity and the bit error rate performance.