We report on a quantum counter which converts far-infrared radiation to visible light. The 891-Ghz radiation of an HCN laser, absorbed in optically pumped ruby by the transition Ē (2E) →2Ā (2E), was detected by an increased R2 fluorescence. By Zeeman splitting of the 2E levels the narrow-band detector was tuned to the laser line.
Two types of three-level quantum counters, based on the Bloembergen and the inverted scheme, are discussed with respect to their application for up-conversion of far-infrared (FIR) radiation to visible light. It is reported on a tunable quantum counter of the inverted type: in optically pumped ruby, photons at 29 cm-1are absorbed by the transition\bar{E}(2E) →2\bar{A}(2E) and lead to an increased R2- fluorescence radiation. By Zeeman splitting of the2Elevels, tuning of the detected frequency from 29 cm-1to higher and lower frequencies is possible (with 1 cm-1/Tesla). Using the 891-GHz radiation of an HCN laser we determine for the quantum counter a power conversion efficiency of the order of 10-6and a frequency bandwidth of 360 MHz. We find the interesting result that phonon bottleneck due to resonant trapping of 29 cm-1phonons can lead to an increase of the quantum efficiency by orders of magnitude.
A new method for detecting far-infrared radiation is demonstrated. The far-infrared radiation induces transitions between highly excited (Rydberg) levels of Na. These transitions can be detected by selective field ionization. The method is capable of providing narrow-band detection with essentially continuous tuning throughout the infrared and far-infrared range. We have detected radiation from a laser source at 496 and 118 μ with a 1-MHz bandwidth. A noise equivalent power of 5×10−15 W/Hz1/2 was measured at 496 μ.
A novel device for the upconversion of narrow-band infra-red (IR) radiation in the 1.5-20-µm spectral region is described. The atomic-vapor quantum counter (AVQC) takes advantage of the efficient incoherent upconversion of narrow-band IR radiation in an optically excited atomic vapor. In a 300 K background and a 2π-sr field of view, a D*is projected that is two orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional semiconductor devices. The device offers the extremely high Q's (>105) associated with heterodyne detection while simultaneously offering a broad tuning range and an unlimited collection aperture. The anticipated performance characteristics of the AVQC are discussed, Experimental results in sodium and potassium have demonstrated the high Q and the tunability of the device. Electric field tuning of the wavelength response to CO2laser wavelengths spanning 23 cm-1has been accomplished. Applications of the AVQC involving the detection of low level laser radiation and molecular emission are discussed.