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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Optical Kerr effect in glass fiber waveguides with weak and strong birefringence

Evgenii M Dianov, Э. А. Захидов, Aleksandr Ya Karasik, M. A. Kasymdzhanov, F. M. Mirtadzhiev, A M Prokhorov, Pulat K. Khabibullaev

Published Apr 30, 1987• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A birefringence induced by the optical Kerr effect in single-mode glass fiber waveguides was investigated. A study was made of the dependences of the process of inducing the birefringence on the natural birefringence, on the orientation of the polarization of the radiation, and on the pump radiation power. Oscillations of the intensity of a probe wave were observed under certain conditions of excitation of these fiber waveguides with pump radiation.

DOI
10.1070/qe1987v017n04abeh008595

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A birefringence induced by the optical Kerr effect in single-mode glass fiber waveguides was investigated. A study was made of the dependences of the process of inducing the birefringence on the natural birefringence, on the orientation of the polarization of the radiation, and on the pump radiation power. Oscillations of the intensity of a probe wave were observed under certain conditions of excitation of these fiber waveguides with pump radiation.
The influence of quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field on the propagation of a polarized light wave in a nonlinear dielectric is investigated. It is shown that in some cases the fluctuations couple to the optical nonlinearities of the medium and make its refractive index dependent on the polarization of the propagating wave. As a consequence, two light waves propagating in the same direction but with different polarizations will have different speeds, so there will be a Kerr-effect birefringence induced by quantum fluctuations. We consider the case of the electromagnetic field in a squeezed vacuum state, where there are regions where the mean squared electric field can be negative and the birefringence effect has the opposite sign to the Kerr effect in classical physics. We give some estimates for the magnitude of these effects, and discuss their possible observability.
Abstract Based on the light-induced polarization ellipse rotation effect, we propose an optical Kerr gate (OKG) in which elliptically polarized probe light is used by introducing a pair of crossed quarter-wave plates into the conventional OKG arrangement, placed just before and after the Kerr medium. Transient birefringence induced by the pump beam in the Kerr medium leads to a rotation of the polarization ellipse of the probe beam, hence part of the probe beam would pass through the OKG. Theoretical calculations and experimental results both indicate that the OKG signal intensity would reach the optimum value independent of the pump polarization direction when the probe beam is circularly polarized. This modified OKG measurement is suitable to detect the third-order nonlinearities induced in anisotropic materials.
Optical fibers have unwanted residual birefringence due to imperfections in fabrication processes and environmental conditions. This birefringence will randomize the state of polarization of propagating signals and may harm the performance of four-wave mixing based processing devices. Here, we present a quantitative study of the effects of birefringence in orthogonal-pump four-wave mixing systems, and identify different regions of operation of the optical fiber, mainly determined by the relative magnitude between the physical length L and beat length L b . This finding clarifies the characteristics of the complex interplay between birefringence and four-wave mixing and advises appropriate fiber length selection for minimized polarization dependent gain.
Numerical solutions are obtained of the full self-consistent system of equations for the counter, rotating polarization components of the field of a short optical pulse propagating in a nonlinear birefringent fiber and in the ensemble of the energy-level degenerate doped resonance atoms implanted in the fiber material. In every cross section of the fiber, the ellipticity of the polarized wave experiences a complex evolution in time accompanied by rapid changes of the azimuthal angle due to the interplay of the dispersion and the Kerr nonlinear self-and cross-phase modulation. The reciprocal effect of the impurities on the traveling pulse causes oscillations of the pulse envelope that can completely distort the shape of the input signal, while the resonance absorption can drive the birefringence process from the nonlinear regime back to the linear one.