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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Oscillation Characteristics of a Pulsed Ruby Maser

Fujio Saito

Published Jul 1, 1964• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Pulsed oscillation of a three-level ruby maser of which pumping microwave was modulated by pulse was investigated. The time lag td of the oscillation pulse behind the pumping pulse was determined experimentally as a function of the peak level P of the pumping power, and the period T and the width τ of the pumping pulse. A semi-empirical formula td=t0(\frac{P_{c}}{P})kexp [b(\frac{T}{\tau})1-δ\frac{P_{c}}{P}] was obtained. The minimum pulse width τm required for the oscillation to occur was determined as a function of P and T, which was approximately expressed by τm=c\frac{T^{m}}{P^{n}}. The above results were qualitatively interpreted in terms of excess population Δn,

DOI
10.1143/jjap.3.430a

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Oscillation Characteristics of a Pulsed Ruby Maser

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Pulsed oscillation of a three-level ruby maser of which pumping microwave was modulated by pulse was investigated. The time lag t d of the oscillation pulse behind the pumping pulse was determined experimentally as a function of the peak level P of the pumping power, and the period T and the width τ of the pumping pulse. A semi-empirical formula t d =t 0(\frac{P_{c}}{P}) k exp [b(\frac{T}{\tau})1-δ\frac{P_{c}}{P}] was obtained. The minimum pulse width τ m required for the oscillation to occur was determined as a function of P and T, which was approximately expressed by τ m =c\frac{T^{m}}{P^{n}}. The above results were qualitatively interpreted in terms of excess population Δ n,

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Journal of Applied Physics•Jul 1, 1959•64 citations
Pulsed oscillation of a three-level ruby maser of which pumping microwave was modulated by pulse was investigated. The time lag td of the oscillation pulse behind the pumping pulse was determined experimentally as a function of the peak level P of the pumping power, and the period T and the width τ of the pumping pulse. A semi-empirical formula td=t0(\frac{P_{c}}{P})kexp [b(\frac{T}{\tau})1-δ\frac{P_{c}}{P}] was obtained. The minimum pulse width τm required for the oscillation to occur was determined as a function of P and T, which was approximately expressed by τm=c\frac{T^{m}}{P^{n}}. The above results were qualitatively interpreted in terms of excess population Δn,
Pulsed oscillation of a three-level ruby maser of which pumping microwave was modulated by pulse was investigated. The time lag t d of the oscillation pulse behind the pumping pulse was determined experimentally as a function of the peak level P of the pumping power, and the period T and the width τ of the pumping pulse. A semi-empirical formula t d =t 0(\frac{P_{c}}{P}) k exp [b(\frac{T}{\tau})1-δ\frac{P_{c}}{P}] was obtained. The minimum pulse width τ m required for the oscillation to occur was determined as a function of P and T, which was approximately expressed by τ m =c\frac{T^{m}}{P^{n}}. The above results were qualitatively interpreted in terms of excess population Δ n,
A three-level solid-state maser using ruby has been operated at frequencies near 3000 Mc/s, using a high-efficiency cavity having TEM modes in a rectangular geometry. Two different operating points in the θ = 10° to θ =30 ° region of the ruby spectrum gave maser operation with a pump frequency near 10 500 Mc/s, although the inversion obtained was a. sensitive function of the exact operating point. An operating point at θ = 90°, requiring pumping at 13 500 Mc/s, gave a gain-bandwidth product of better than 50 Mc/s. It was also found possible to pump the 1-4 or ΔM = 3 transition at this same operating point, obtaining 3000 Mc/s amplification with a 23 700 Mc/s pump frequency. Although this mode of operation was not fully explored, it is potentially capable of increasing the gain-bandwidth product by a substantial amount.
The theoretical power output of a ruby laser is examined under certain idealized operating conditions, and it is found that there are two principal regions of operation. These are the regions of strong oscillation characterized by the condition pτ2/A»hν13/σ13 and the region of saturation in which pτ3/A»hν13/σ13. Here p/A is the ``pumping'' illumination within the absorption band of ruby, τ2 is a charactersitic relaxation time of fluorescence in ruby, τ3 is a characteristic thermal relaxation time from the excited U band, ν13 is the pumping frequency, and σ13 is the cross section for interaction between pumping radiation and Cr3+ ions in ruby. Efficiency of operation is examined under two limiting conditions.
The laser-pumped 87Rb maser showed many new experimental features.1 A precise understanding of the maser behavior is obtained by considering a simple three-level atom, located inside a microwave cavity, interacting with a frequency-modulated laser. This simple model is based on the density operator formalism within a semi-classical approach. We show that moderately rapid modulation of the laser frequency results in sustained large hyperfine coherence, thus high gain, due to reduced light broadening, even for a high intensity pump. This is optimally achieved with a given modulation depth which is proportional to the light intensity. This last result has also been obtained when considering only the maximization of the population inversion.2 On the other hand the modulation greatly decreases the dependence of the maser frequency upon the laser frequency (through the variation of the light shift), therefore reducing the requirements for the mid- and the long-term frequency stability of the pumping laser. Finally the maser frequency suffers a small modulation, relatively insensitive to the modulation depth, which becomes negligible for sufficiently high modulation frequencies.