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Physical Review A

Temporal correlations of sidebands of the fluorescent spectra from a three-level atom

Arundhati S. Jayarao, S. V. Lawande, Richard D’Souza

Published Sep 1, 1990• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An analytical study of the sideband correlations in a strongly driven three-level atom in the cascade configuration is presented. The quantum nature of the sidebands is discussed in terms of intensity-intensity correlations and photon statistics.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.42.3044

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We examine the intensity correlation functions of the two fluorescent fields that are emitted from the top and middle states of a doubly driven three-level atom in the cascade configuration. Novel interference effects are shown. (i) Both of the fluorescent fields have anticorrelations which can exist for long times when the applied fields are on the two-photon resonance and far off one-photon resonances. (ii) Both of the fluorescent fields have strong correlations when the applied fields are far off one- and two-photon resonances. In particular, the extremely strong correlation occurs for the photons emitted from the top state. The above phenomena are traced to the multiple interference mechanisms.
We examine the various two-time fluorescence intensity correlations emitted by a driven three-level atom in a cascade configuration. For a strongly driven atom, the two intensity autocorrelation functions, one from the upper transition, the other from the lower transition, exhibit different behaviors. In addition to the an oscillation similar to the two-level intensity correlation we find an additional oscillation for the upper transition only. This is shown to be due to the spontaneous decay between the lower transition levels. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Time-dependent features of the fluorescence radiation from a strongly driven three-level atom in a Raman configuration are studied applying the Eberly-W\'odkiewicz counting-rate definition of the spectrum. Using our earlier formalism, where we assume that one or both of the driving fields are intense, we obtain analytical expressions for the time-dependent fluorescence spectra. We have also studied the influence on the transient spectrum of the initial preparation of the atom in three different dressed states.
Correlations between the emission of photons from an excited three-level atom with one transition more strongly driven than the other are studied. Antibunching, anticorrelation, and superbunching are exhibited in the four possible configurations: ``vee'' (V), ``lambda'' (\ensuremath{\Lambda}), and two cascades with the upper or lower transition strongly driven. We pay particular attention to the projection of the atom into particular states by the measurement of fluorescence, and its significance for detecting quantum jumps in the weak transition by observing the fluorescence from the strong transition. For incoherent excitation we find that cross antibunching (the anticorrelation between emissions of different types of photons) manifests itself as prolonged periods of darkness. For the V and the cascade configuration with a strongly driven lower transition, these periods herald the emission of a weak-transition photon; for the other cascade and the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration the periods are heralded by the emission of a weak-transition photon. For on-resonance coherent excitation, dark periods are extremely infrequent for the former two configurations, and are extremely long or infinite for the latter two.