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Journal of Modern Optics

Coherent control of tunnelling dynamics in functionalized semiconductor nanostructures: a quantum-control scenario based on stochastic unitary pulses

Luís G. C. Rego, Sabas G. Abuabara, Víctor S. Batista

Published Oct 25, 2006• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The feasibility of achieving coherent control of tunnelling dynamics, associated with electronic excitations in functionalized semiconductor nanostructures, is investigated. The coherent control scenario is based on the application of frequent stochastic unitary pulses, affecting the interference phenomena between electronic wave-packet components and consequently the overall electronic tunnelling dynamics without collapsing the coherent quantum evolution of the system. It is shown that tunnelling can be inhibited and eventually halted by sufficiently frequent pulse fields that exchange energy with the system but do not affect the potential energy tunnelling barriers. Further, the proposed stochastic quantum-control scenario is demonstrated more generally as applied to an archetype model, a particle tunnelling in a quartic double-well potential.

DOI
10.1080/09500340600952036

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The feasibility of achieving coherent control of tunnelling dynamics, associated with electronic excitations in functionalized semiconductor nanostructures, is investigated. The coherent control scenario is based on the application of frequent stochastic unitary pulses, affecting the interference phenomena between electronic wave-packet components and consequently the overall electronic tunnelling dynamics without collapsing the coherent quantum evolution of the system. It is shown that tunnelling can be inhibited and eventually halted by sufficiently frequent pulse fields that exchange energy with the system but do not affect the potential energy tunnelling barriers. Further, the proposed stochastic quantum-control scenario is demonstrated more generally as applied to an archetype model, a particle tunnelling in a quartic double-well potential.
This paper investigates the feasibility of using sequences of unitary pulses for achieving coherent-control of quantum dynamical phenomena, including quantum control of electron tunnelling in archetype model systems and control of decoherence in a quantum dot system coupled to a thermal bath. The proposed dynamical decoupling scenario is based on the repetitive application of 2π pulses, affecting the interference phenomena between wave-packet components. The pulses affect the overall relaxation dynamics without collapsing the coherent-quantum evolution of the system. It is shown that both bound-to-bound state tunnelling and bound-to-continuum tunnelling processes can be inhibited and eventually halted by sufficiently frequent pulse fields that exchange energy with the system but do not affect the potential energy tunnelling barriers. Furthermore, the proposed quantum-control scenario is demonstrated as applied to manipulating the electronic quantum dynamics in a quantum dot coupled to a free standing quasi two-dimensional phonon cavity. The reported results are therefore particularly relevant to the understanding of coherent optical manipulation of electronic excitations in semiconductor devices where performance is limited by quantum tunnelling and decoherence.
A general coherent control scenario to suppress or accelerate tunneling of quantum states decaying into a continuum is investigated. The method is based on deterministic, or stochastic, sequences of unitary pulses that affect the underlying interference phenomena responsible for quantum dynamics, without inducing decoherence, or collapsing the coherent evolution of the system. The influence of control sequences on the ensuing quantum dynamics is analyzed by using perturbation theory to first order in the control pulse fields and compared to dynamical decoupling protocols and to sequences of pulses that collapse the coherent evolution and induce quantum Zeno (QZE) or quantum anti-Zeno effects (AZE). The analysis reveals a subtle interplay between coherent and incoherent phenomena and demonstrates that dynamics analogous to the evolution due to QZE or AZE can be generated from stochastic sequences of unitary pulses when averaged over all possible realizations.
A general coherent control scenario to suppress, or accelerate, tunneling of quantum states decaying into a continuum, is investigated. The method is based on deterministic, or stochastic, sequences of unitary pulses that affect the underlying interference phenomena responsible for quantum dynamics, without inducing decoherence, or collapsing the coherent evolution of the system. The influence of control sequences on the ensuing quantum dynamics is analyzed by using perturbation theory to first order in the control pulse fields and compared to dynamical decoupling (DD) protocols and sequences of pulses that collapse the coherent evolution and induce quantum Zeno (QZE) or quantum anti-Zeno effects (AZE). The analysis reveals a subtle interplay between coherent and incoherent phenomena and demonstrating that dynamics analogous to evolution due to QZE or AZE can be generated from stochastic sequences of unitary pulses when averaged over all possible realizations.
Coherent-optical-control schemes exploit the coherence of laser pulses to change the phases of interfering dynamical pathways and manipulate dynamical processes. These active control methods are closely related to dynamical decoupling techniques, popularized in the field of quantum information. Inspired by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamical decoupling methods apply sequences of unitary operations to modify the interference phenomena responsible for the system dynamics thus also belonging to the general class of coherent-control techniques. This article reviews related developments in the fields of coherent optical control and dynamical decoupling, emphasizing the control of tunneling and decoherence in general model systems. Considering recent experimental breakthroughs in the demonstration of active control of a variety of systems, we anticipate that the reviewed coherent-control scenarios and dynamical-decoupling methods should raise significant experimental interest.
The feasibility of creating and manipulating coherent quantum states on surfaces of functionalized semiconductor nanostructures is computationally investigated. Quantum dynamics simulations of electron-hole transfer between catechol molecules adsorbed on TiO_2 -anatase nanostructures under cryogenic and vacuum conditions indicate that laser induced coherent excitations can be prepared and manipulated to exhibit controllable spatial Rabi oscillations. The presented computational methods and results are particularly relevant to explore the basic model components of quantum-information electro-optic devices based on inexpensive and readily available semiconductor materials.