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Optics Express

10-GHz clock differential phase shift quantum key distribution experiment

Hiroki Takesue, Eleni Diamanti, Carsten Langrock, M. M. Fejer, Y. Yamamoto

Published Jan 1, 2006• 59 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper reports the first quantum key distribution experiment implemented with a 10-GHz clock frequency. We used a 10-GHz actively mode-locked fiber laser as a source of short coherent pulses and single photon detectors based on frequency up-conversion in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. The use of short pulses and low-jitter upconversion detectors significantly reduced the bit errors caused by detector dark counts even after long-distance transmission of a weak coherent state pulse. We employed the differential phase shift quantum key distribution protocol, and generated sifted keys at a rate of 3.7 kbit/s over a 105 km fiber with a bit error rate of 9.7%.

DOI
10.1364/oe.14.009522

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This paper reports the first quantum key distribution experiment implemented with a 10-GHz clock frequency. We used a 10-GHz actively mode-locked fiber laser as a source of short coherent pulses and single photon detectors based on frequency up-conversion in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. The use of short pulses and low-jitter upconversion detectors significantly reduced the bit errors caused by detector dark counts even after long-distance transmission of a weak coherent state pulse. We employed the differential phase shift quantum key distribution protocol, and generated sifted keys at a rate of 3.7 kbit/s over a 105 km fiber with a bit error rate of 9.7%.
We present a quantum key distribution experiment in which keys that were secure against all individual eavesdropping attacks allowed by quantum mechanics were distributed over 100 km of optical fiber. We implemented the differential phase shift quantum key distribution protocol and used low timing jitter 1.55 microm single-photon detectors based on frequency up-conversion in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides and silicon avalanche photodiodes. Based on the security analysis of the protocol against general individual attacks, we generated secure keys at a practical rate of 166 bit/s over 100 km of fiber. The use of the low jitter detectors also increased the sifted key generation rate to 2 Mbit/s over 10 km of fiber.
We report a quantum key distribution experiment based on the differential phase shift keying (DPSK) protocol with a Poissonian photon source, in which secure keys were generated over >100 km fibre for the first time. We analysed the security of the DPSK protocol and showed that it is robust against strong attacks by Eve, including a photon number splitting attack. To implement this protocol, we developed a new detector for the 1.5 μm band based on frequency up-conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide followed by an Si avalanche photodiode. The use of detectors increased the sifted key generation rate up to >1 Mbit s −1 over 30 km fibre, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the previous record.
This paper reports experimental results for a long-term field trial of 1-GHz clock differential phase shift quantum key distribution that was incorporated in the test-bed optical fiber network installed in the Tokyo metropolitan area. A photon transmitter and a photon receiver were connected to a 90-km loop-back optical link with a 30-dB loss. Superconducting single photon detectors were employed to detect photons with a low dark count rate. Stable maintenance-free operation was achieved for 25 days, where the average sifted key generation rate and the quantum bit error rate were 11 kb/s and 2.6%, respectively. The average generation rate of a secure key after error correction and privacy amplification was 1.1 kb/s with a fluctuation of ± 0.5 kb/s. The achieved performance was examined using detailed bit error analysis. A comparison with meteorological data revealed the way in which the field environment influenced the key distribution performance.