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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Differential Phase Shift Quantum Key Distribution Using 1.3-µm Up-Conversion Detectors

Hiroki Takesue, Toshimori Honjo, Hidehiko Kamada

Published Jul 1, 2006• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a differential phase shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD) experiment in the 1.3-µm band that uses single photon detectors based on a frequency up-conversion technique. By combining a fast-clock DPS-QKD and up-conversion detectors operated in a non-gated mode, we have achieved a sifted key rate of 180 kbit/s over 10 km of fiber, which is one order of magnitude larger than a previously reported 1.3-µm band result.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.45.5757

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We report a differential phase shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD) experiment in the 1.3-µm band that uses single photon detectors based on a frequency up-conversion technique. By combining a fast-clock DPS-QKD and up-conversion detectors operated in a non-gated mode, we have achieved a sifted key rate of 180 kbit/s over 10 km of fiber, which is one order of magnitude larger than a previously reported 1.3-µm band result.
We report a field trial of differential phase shift quantum key distribution (QKD) using polarization independent frequency up-conversion detectors. A frequency up-conversion detector is a promising device for achieving a high key generation rate when combined with a high clock rate QKD system. However, its polarization dependence prevents it from being applied to practical QKD systems. In this paper, we employ a modified polarization diversity configuration to eliminate the polarization dependence. Applying this method, we performed a long-term stability test using a 17.6-km installed fiber. We successfully demonstrated stable operation for 6 hours and achieved a sifted key generation rate of 120 kbps and an average quantum bit error rate of 3.14 %. The sifted key generation rate was not the estimated value but the effective value, which means that the sifted key was continuously generated at a rate of 120 kbps for 6 hours.
We report a quantum key distribution experiment based on the differential phase shift keying (DPSK) protocol with a Poissonian photon source, in which secure keys were generated over >100 km fibre for the first time. We analysed the security of the DPSK protocol and showed that it is robust against strong attacks by Eve, including a photon number splitting attack. To implement this protocol, we developed a new detector for the 1.5 μm band based on frequency up-conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide followed by an Si avalanche photodiode. The use of detectors increased the sifted key generation rate up to >1 Mbit s −1 over 30 km fibre, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the previous record.
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