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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Nd-glass microspherical cavity laser induced by cavity QED effects

Yuzhu Wang, Yong Qing Li, Yashu Liu, Baolong Liu

Published Oct 1, 1991• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a Nd-glass microspherical cavity the spontaneous enhancement and inhibition emission processes have been observed in the optical region. The rate of the enhanced spontaneous emission is larger than the free-space values for some transitions, so that some lasing lines of Nd-ion in glass have been observed, since the large enhancements of the transition rates may modify the decay processes in the multilevel system of the Nd-glass medium. A simple theoretical discussion is given to explain the possible mechanism of the lasing in the 740 nm and 810 nm wavelength regions. The micropherical cavity laser may be used in studies of Nd- glass microcavity spectroscopy and nonlinear optics.

DOI
10.1117/12.46878

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In a Nd-glass microspherical cavity the spontaneous enhancement and inhibition emission processes have been observed in the optical region. The rate of the enhanced spontaneous emission is larger than the free-space values for some transitions, so that some lasing lines of Nd-ion in glass have been observed, since the large enhancements of the transition rates may modify the decay processes in the multilevel system of the Nd-glass medium. A simple theoretical discussion is given to explain the possible mechanism of the lasing in the 740 nm and 810 nm wavelength regions. The micropherical cavity laser may be used in studies of Nd- glass microcavity spectroscopy and nonlinear optics.
In a Nd:glass microspherical cavity the enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous-emission processes that are due to cavity QED effects have been observed. The rates of the enhanced spontaneous emission are location dependent and reach a maximum value of more than 10(3) times the free-space value. The large enhancement strongly modifies the decay processes of Nd ions in glass, and the radiative properties of Nd:glass have been changed. As a result a new spectrum including new lasing wavelengths in the Nd:glass sphere has been observed.
The quantum theory of the spontaneous emission (SpE) from an active microscopic cavity (microcavity) is given with emphasis on mirror separations of the order of the optical wavelength. The theory is based on a complete set of orthonormal-mode functions that include both transverse polarizations and span the infinite three dimensional space that pervades and surrounds the microcavity. SpE rates for different active-dipole orientations and cavity configurations are calculated. The SpE pulse shape detected outside the cavity is shown to be generally nonexponential. A detailed computer simulation of the process is presented on the basis of the given theory in the perspective of our experiment, for a cavity terminated by mirrors bearing either metal- or semiconductor-multilayered coatings. We then report an extensive experimental verification of the theory by adopting an Eu-dibenzoylmethane complex as active medium with SpE from the 5^{5}5${\mathit{D}}_{0\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{7}$F2{\mathit{F}}_{2}F2​ line at \ensuremath{\lambda}=6111 \AA{}, under coherent uv excitation at ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{p}}$=3547 \AA{}. The results show evidence of ``SpE inhibition'' and ``enhancement,'' of nonexponential decay of SpE signals, and of competition with superradiance and stimulated emission. Finally we report the results of an experimental test of the algorithm adopted in all computer calculations of the optical parameters of the multilayered structures used for cavity confinement.
Since the advent of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers, a renewed interest has also emerged for the spontaneous emission from Fabry-Pérot microcavities. Changes in spontaneous emission characteristics in a 1D microcavity were predicted long ago,1 but have been demonstrated only recently in the optical domain for solid-state, e.g. semiconductor, structures where changes in spectral purity, lifetime, and emission intensity were observed.2 However, the interpretation of these effects is somewhat obscure, because these structures are highly absorbing and often involve band-to-band, rather than atomic, transitions. In the present study, we use optically transparent Si/SiO2 cavities, consisting of two coplanar Si/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) around a (λ/2) SiO2 active region, which was doped with ~0.2 at.% Er3+ ions through MeV ion implantation. The Er3+ ions in SiO2 exhibit a sharp, atomic-like, intra-4f transition around λem=1.54 μm, which is effectively shielded by the outerlying filled 5s2 and 5p6 shells. Recently, we reported on the considerable enhancement of the spontaneous emission intensity out of such an Er-doped microcavity.3 In this paper, we present a more detailed study of the modified spontaneous emission, including fluorescence decay measurements to study the effect of the cavity on the spontaneous emission rate.
The process of the spontaneous emission (SpE) from an active microscopic cavity (microcavity) is shown with emphasis on mirror separation of the order of the optical wavelength. The relevant effects of SpE enhancement and inhibition, non-exponential decay, and emission anisotropy are outlined for a cavity terminated by mirrors bearing either metal -- or semiconductor -- multilayered coatings. Finally, an experiment regarding the possibility of detecting the field distribution within the cavity of the emission wavelength is shown.
A third-order optical nonlinear effect in a spherical glass resonator doped with Sm(3+) ions has been observed on stimulated emission lines of the (4)G(5/2)-(6)H(7/2) transition, in which the excitation beam of an Ar(+) laser in a 488-nm single line is coupled with the glass resonator through a prism. A spherical form is produced during a free fall of fractional glasses in a longitudinal electric furnace configured vertically. The prism-coupled glass microsphere exhibits sufficient performance to confine photon energy as a resonance of light inside the sphere and offers the prospect of new applications to functional photonic circuits.