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Optics Letters

Observation of cavity quantum-electrodynamic effects in a Nd:glass microsphere

Yufan Wang, B. L. Lu, Yisen Li, Y. S. Liu

Published Apr 1, 1995• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a Nd:glass microspherical cavity the enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous-emission processes that are due to cavity QED effects have been observed. The rates of the enhanced spontaneous emission are location dependent and reach a maximum value of more than 10(3) times the free-space value. The large enhancement strongly modifies the decay processes of Nd ions in glass, and the radiative properties of Nd:glass have been changed. As a result a new spectrum including new lasing wavelengths in the Nd:glass sphere has been observed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.20.000770

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In a Nd:glass microspherical cavity the enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous-emission processes that are due to cavity QED effects have been observed. The rates of the enhanced spontaneous emission are location dependent and reach a maximum value of more than 10(3) times the free-space value. The large enhancement strongly modifies the decay processes of Nd ions in glass, and the radiative properties of Nd:glass have been changed. As a result a new spectrum including new lasing wavelengths in the Nd:glass sphere has been observed.
In a Nd-glass microspherical cavity the spontaneous enhancement and inhibition emission processes have been observed in the optical region. The rate of the enhanced spontaneous emission is larger than the free-space values for some transitions, so that some lasing lines of Nd-ion in glass have been observed, since the large enhancements of the transition rates may modify the decay processes in the multilevel system of the Nd-glass medium. A simple theoretical discussion is given to explain the possible mechanism of the lasing in the 740 nm and 810 nm wavelength regions. The micropherical cavity laser may be used in studies of Nd- glass microcavity spectroscopy and nonlinear optics.
Introduction Ever since 1916/17 when Einstein argued [45] [46] that spontaneous emission must occur if matter and radiation are to achieve thermal equilibrium, physicists have believed that spontaneous emission is an inherent quantum mechanical property of atoms and that excited atoms inevitably radiate. This view, however, overlooks the fact that spontaneous emission is a consequence of the coupling of quantized energy states of atoms with the quantized radiation field, and is a manifestation of quantum noise or of emission ‘stimulated’ by ‘vacuum fluctuations’. An infinity of vacuum states is available to the photon radiated by an excited atom placed in free space, leading to the effective irreversibility of such emissions. If these vacuum states are modified, as for example by placing an excited atom between closely spaced mirrors or in a small cavity (essentially the Casimir effect), spontaneous emission can be greatly inhibited or enhanced or even made reversible. Recent advances in atomic and optical techniques have made it possible to control and manipulate spontaneous emission. A whole new branch of quantum optics called ‘cavity QED’ has developed since 1987 utilizing these dramatic changes in spontaneous emission rates in cavities to construct new kinds of microscopic masers or micromasers that operate with a single atom and a few photons or with photons emitted in pairs in a two-photon transition.