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Physical Review A

Large cross-phase-modulation between two slow pulses by coupled double dark resonances

Bang‐Pin Hou, L. F. Wei, Gui‐Lu Long, Shun-Jin Wang

Published Mar 11, 2009• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme to realize a large cross-phase-modulation between two slow optical pulses by using the atomic configurations of coupled double dark resonances. In this scheme slow group velocities for these optical pulses can be automatically equalized in terms of the inherent symmetric atomic configuration, and the various absorptions can be overcome by using three-photon hyper-Raman amplification. Additionally, the switching between cross-type nonlinear amplification and absorption could be realized by just changing the sign of the difference between two pump detunings. This is useful for the implementations of all-optical switches. The linearity and cross nonlinearity in the Doppler-broadened medium with different laser propagating configurations have also been investigated.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.033813

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We present a scheme to realize a large cross-phase-modulation between two slow optical pulses by using the atomic configurations of coupled double dark resonances. In this scheme slow group velocities for these optical pulses can be automatically equalized in terms of the inherent symmetric atomic configuration, and the various absorptions can be overcome by using three-photon hyper-Raman amplification. Additionally, the switching between cross-type nonlinear amplification and absorption could be realized by just changing the sign of the difference between two pump detunings. This is useful for the implementations of all-optical switches. The linearity and cross nonlinearity in the Doppler-broadened medium with different laser propagating configurations have also been investigated.
We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical switching (AOS) scheme based on double slow light (DSL) pulses, in which one pulse is switched by another due to the cross-Kerr nonlinearity. The interaction time is prolonged by optically dense atomic media and matched group velocities. The interaction strength is maintained at a high level by keeping both fields at their electromagnetically-induced-transparency resonances to minimize the linear loss. In the AOS without the DSL scheme, the group velocity mismatch sets an upper limit on the switching efficiency of two photons per atomic cross section as discussed by Harris and Hau [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 (1999)]. Compared to that limit, we have obtained an enhanced switching efficiency by a factor of 3 with our DSL scheme. The nonlinear efficiency can be further improved by increasing the optical depth of the medium. Our work advances low-light-level nonlinear optics and provides essential ingredients for quantum many-body physics using strongly interacting photons.
We propose a simple scheme for highly efficient nonlinear interaction between two weak optical fields. The scheme is based on the attainment of electromagnetically induced transparency simultaneously for both fields via transitions between magnetically split F=1F=1F=1 atomic sublevels, in the presence of two driving fields. Thereby, equal slow group velocities and symmetric cross coupling of the weak fields over long distances are achieved. By simply tuning the fields, this scheme can either yield giant cross-phase modulation or ultrasensitive two-photon switching.
We report on the first experimental demonstration of low-light-level cross-phase modulation (XPM) with double slow light pulses based on the double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cold cesium atoms. The double EIT is implemented with two control fields and two weak fields that drive populations prepared in the two doubly spin-polarized states. Group velocity matching can be obtained by tuning the intensity of either of the control fields. The XPM is based on the asymmetric M-type five-level system formed by the two sets of EIT. Enhancement in the XPM by group velocity matching is observed. Our work advances studies of low-light-level nonlinear optics based on double slow light pulses.
We investigate the simultaneous formation and propagation of coupled ultraslow optical soliton pairs in a cold, lifetime-broadened three-state double-Lambda atomic system. Starting from the equations of motion of atomic response and two-mode probe-control electromagnetic fields, we derive coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations that govern the nonlinear evolution of the envelopes of the probe fields in this four-wave mixing scheme by means of the standard method of multiple scales. We demonstrate that for weak probe fields and with suitable operation conditions, a pair of coupled optical solitons moving with remarkably slow propagating velocity can be established in such a highly resonant atomic medium. The key elements to such a shape preserving, well matched yet interacting soliton pair is the balance between dispersion effect and self- and cross-phase modulation effects of the system.
We demonstrate an efficient cross-phase modulation (XPM) based on a closed-loop double-Λ system. The property of the double-Λ medium can be controlled by changing the phases of the applied optical fields. This phase-dependent XPM scheme can achieve large phase modulations at low-light intensities without requiring cavities or tightly focusing laser beams. With this scheme, we observe a π-level phase shift with two pulses, both consisting of eight photons in cold rubidium atoms. Such a novel scheme provides a simple route to generate strong interactions between photons and may have potential applications in all-optical quantum signal processing.