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Physical Review A

Enhancement of squeezing in the resonance fluorescence of a laser-dressed atom with finite-bandwidth cavity-field excitation

Peng Zhou, S. Swain

Published Feb 1, 1999• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the modification of quantum noise in the phase quadratures of the resonance fluorescence of an atom dressed by an intense laser field and coupled to a frequency-tunable cavity mode with finite bandwidth. The in-phase quadrature of the atomic fluorescence emitted from the side of the cavity exhibits two-mode squeezing at the Rabi sideband frequencies. The squeezing may be greatly enhanced (or inhibited) by appropriately tuning the cavity resonant frequency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.1603

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We investigate the modification of quantum noise in the phase quadratures of the resonance fluorescence of an atom dressed by an intense laser field and coupled to a frequency-tunable cavity mode with finite bandwidth. The in-phase quadrature of the atomic fluorescence emitted from the side of the cavity exhibits two-mode squeezing at the Rabi sideband frequencies. The squeezing may be greatly enhanced (or inhibited) by appropriately tuning the cavity resonant frequency.
The quadrature squeezing spectra produced in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom are investigated, including the effects of a finite laser bandwidth due to phase diffusion. For resonant excitation at low intensities, the fluorescence field exhibits narrow bandwidth squeezing in the out-of-phase quadrature, centered at the laser frequency. Otherwise, squeezing occurs only in the in-phase quadrature. Specifically, for slightly off-resonance and weak excitation, the squeezing still centers at the laser frequency, with a finite bandwidth of the order of $\ensuremath{\gamma}.$ More importantly, for far-off-resonance and strong excitation, the resonance fluorescence exhibits two-mode squeezing around the Rabi sideband frequencies. Thus we have a source of two-mode squeezing that is very easily frequency tuned simply by adjusting the generalized Rabi frequency. The presence of a laser linewidth substantially reduces the degree of squeezing obtainable. The fluorescence shows no squeezing at all when the laser linewidth is greater than the atomic spontaneous emission linewidth.
We investigate the modification of squeezing spectrum of resonance fluorescence of a weakly driven two-level atom coupled with a frequency-tunable cavity mode with finite bandwidth. For atom-laser resonance or small atom-laser detuning, as the cavity resonant frequency adjusted, the squeezing switches between the phase quadratures. When the coupling between the atom and the cavity increases, the degree of squeezing in the out-of-phase quadrature decreases, while the noise in the in-phase quadrature decreases and can be squeezed. For proper atom-laser detuning, with the cavity-laser detuning increasing, the degree of squeezing in the in-phase quadrature increases and the squeezing spectrum exhibits two-mode squeezing.
The quadrature squeezing spectra in the resonance fluorescence of a V-type three-level atom driven by a coherent field and coupled to a single-mode cavity is investigated. For weak excitation, the fluorescence field exhibit squeezing in the out-of-phase quadrature. The coupling between the atom and the cavity mode can greatly enhance the squeezing centred at the laser frequency. More importantly, for strong excitation, under the effect of the cavity-atom coupling, the in-phase quadrature of fluorescence can exhibit two-mode squeezing at the two inner sideband frequencies. By working in the dressed-state representation and hiring secular approximation, we give an analytical explanation for the effect. The result shows, under appropriate conditions, the squeezing can be greatly enhanced by appropriately tuning the cavity resonant frequency.
The quadrature squeezing spectra produced in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a strong coherent field and a weak amplitude-fluctuating field are investigated. For far-off-resonance and strong excitation, the resonance fluorescence exhibits two-mode squeezing around the Rabi sideband frequencies. Thus we have a source of two mode squeezing that is very easily frequency tuned simply by adjusting the generalized Rabi frequency. The presence of the strength of the stochastic process reduces the degree of squeezing obtainable. The quadrature squeezing spectra are also effected by the relative phase of the two fields.
The resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a coherent laser field and damped by a finite bandwidth squeezed vacuum is analysed. We extend the Yeoman and Barnett technique to a non-zero detuning of the driving field from the atomic resonance and discuss the role of squeezing bandwidth and the detuning in the level shifts, widths and intensities of the spectral lines. The approach is valid for arbitrary values of the Rabi frequency and detuning but for the squeezing bandwidths larger than the natural line-width in order to satisfy the Markoff approximation. The narrowing of the spectral lines is interpreted in terms of the quadrature-noise spectrum. We find that, depending on the Rabi frequency, detuning and the squeezing phase, different factors contribute to the line narrowing. For a strong resonant driving field there is no squeezing in the emitted field and the fluorescence spectrum exactly reveals the noise spectrum. In this case the narrowing of the spectral lines arises from the noise reduction in the input squeezed vacuum. For a weak or detuned driving field the fluorescence exhibits a large squeezing and, as a consequence, the spectral lines have narrowed linewidths. Moreover, the fluorescence spectrum can be asymmetric about the central frequency despite the symmetrical distribution of the noise. The asymmetry arises from the absorption of photons by the squeezed vacuum which reduces the spontaneous emission. For an appropriate choice of the detuning some of the spectral lines can vanish despite that there is no population trapping. Again this process can be interpreted as arising from the absorption of photons by the squeezed vacuum. When the absorption is large it may compensate the spontaneous emission resulting in the vanishing of the fluorescence lines.
The spectrum of quantum fluctuations in phase quadratures of resonance fluorescence of a three-level V-type atom driven by a coherent field is investigated. We find that quantum interference between two decay channels of the atom can greatly modify the spectrum. We show that for weak excitation, quantum interference can greatly enhance squeezing and change the phase quadrature in which the maximum squeezing occurs. We also show that for strong and far-off-resonance excitation two deeply squeezing peaks appear at the Rabi sideband frequencies and quantum interference broadens the squeezing peaks.