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Optics and Spectroscopy

Specific properties of the magnetooptical Hanle resonance under excitation of the transition F = 0 → F = 1 by a plane elliptically polarized light wave

Denis V. Brazhnikov, A. V. Taǐchenachev, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Jul 1, 2009• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The absorption of a traveling elliptically polarized wave as a function of an external static magnetic field (magnetooptical resonance) is studied theoretically. An expression for the zero-field level-crossing signal is derived for the transition F = 0 → F = 1 and it is shown that, in the presence of dephasing collisions, the resonance may have a double structure.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x09070169

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Sep 18, 2014•9 citations
The absorption of a traveling elliptically polarized wave as a function of an external static magnetic field (magnetooptical resonance) is studied theoretically. An expression for the zero-field level-crossing signal is derived for the transition F = 0 → F = 1 and it is shown that, in the presence of dephasing collisions, the resonance may have a double structure.
The dependence of the magnetooptical force on the ellipticity of the polarization of light beams is studied in terms of a one-dimensional model for closed J g → J e optical transitions. A linear velocity and magnetic-field approximation is used to find analytical expressions for the magnetooptical force for a number of transitions. In the light fields formed by waves with an elliptical polarization, qualitatively new contributions are shown to appear; they have an even dependence on the detuning of the light field and do not disappear even in the case of an exact resonance. An analysis of these results demonstrates that a magnetooptical trap can stably operate at the zero detuning of the field. Numerical methods are used to investigate the nonlinear dependence of the force on the atom velocity and the magnetic field and to estimate the characteristic atom trapping rate and the number of trapped atoms.
The parameters of nonlinear absorption magneto-optical resonances in the Hanle configuration have been studied as functions of the ellipticity of a traveling light wave. It has been found that these parameters (amplitude, width, and amplitude-to-width ratio) depend strongly on the polarization of the light wave. In particular, the resonance amplitude can increase by more than an order of magnitude when the polarization changes from linear to optimal elliptic. It has been shown that this effect is associated with the Doppler frequency shift for atoms in a gas. The theoretical results have been corroborated in experiments in Rb vapor.
A theoretical analysis is made of the resonant interaction between a traveling monochromatic light wave of arbitrary intensity and polarization and the 1/21/2 and 10 transitions in gas atoms in a magnetic field. An analysis is made of the influence of atomic collisions and coherence of the Zeeman sublevels of the terms on the structure of nonlinear magnetooptic resonances in the amplitude and polarization characteristics of the wave. Some features of nonlinear magnetooptic resonances for laser excitation of atoms from the ground state are noted. A study is made of the Faraday rotation and self-rotation of the polarization ellipse of the radiation as a function of the detuning of the wave frequency, the saturation parameter, and the optical density of the gas. The stability of the polarization of light in the medium is discussed. It is noted that these laws may be used to analyze and control the radiation characteristics of lasers and amplifiers when the level of saturation of a resonant gaseous medium in a magnetic field is high.
The parameters of nonlinear absorption magneto-optical resonances in the Hanle configuration have been studied as functions of the ellipticity of a traveling light wave. It has been found that these parameters (amplitude, width, and amplitude-to-width ratio) depend strongly on the polarization of the light wave. In particular, the resonance amplitude can increase by more than an order of magnitude when the polarization changes from linear to optimal elliptic. It has been shown that this effect is associated with the Doppler frequency shift for atoms in a gas. The theoretical results have been corroborated in experiments in Rb vapor.
Using a 1 --> 2 transition as an analytically tractable model, we discuss in detail magneto-optical resonances of both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) types in the Hanle configuration. The analysis is made for an arbitrary rate of depolarizing collisions in the excited state and an arbitrary elliptical field polarization. The obtained results clearly show that the main reason for the EIA subnatural resonance is the spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited level to the ground level. In the EIA case we predict the negative structures in the absorption resonance at large field detuning. The role of the finite atom-light interaction time is briefly discussed. In addition we study nontrivial peculiarities of the resonance line shape related to the velocity spread in a gas.
We computationally compare Hanle-type resonances for a transition of the line for magnetic field scans parallel (longitudinal scan) and perpendicular (transverse scan) to the direction of propagation of the optical field in the presence of an additional transverse magnetic field (TMF). For a linearly polarized light, the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances split at line centre and are identical for both longitudinal and transverse scans. When the probe beam ellipticity is varied, the effect of the TMF is found to be opposite for longitudinal and transverse scans. For a longitudinal scan, the splitting observed in the CPT resonance evolves into an enhanced absorption resonance with an increase in ellipticity. For a transverse scan, the splitting vanishes at higher ellipticities. This can be understood in terms of population redistribution in the ground state sublevels and near-neighbor ground state coherences created by the TMF. We also show that the enhanced absorption signal that splits the CPT resonance strongly depends on transit time, and the CPT resonance strength depends on the excited state dephasing rate.