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Physical Review A

Laser bandwidth effects on squeezing in intracavity parametric oscillation

P. D. Drummond, M. D. Reid

Published Mar 1, 1988• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Finite input laser bandwidths alter the output quantum statistics in an intracativity parametric oscillator. We show that in an above-threshold experiment, the obtainable squeezing can be greatly reduced by these laser fluctuations. The effect is not eliminated just by reducing the laser bandwidth to less than the cavity bandwidth. Instead, the cavity/laser bandwidth ratio must be improved to the order of the intracavity photon number. Thus, highly stabilized lasers are essential in above-threshold squeezing experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.37.1806

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Finite input laser bandwidths alter the output quantum statistics in an intracativity parametric oscillator. We show that in an above-threshold experiment, the obtainable squeezing can be greatly reduced by these laser fluctuations. The effect is not eliminated just by reducing the laser bandwidth to less than the cavity bandwidth. Instead, the cavity/laser bandwidth ratio must be improved to the order of the intracavity photon number. Thus, highly stabilized lasers are essential in above-threshold squeezing experiments.
Excellent squeezing in intracavity second-harmonic generation has been predicted to occur on cavity resonance in the output intensity fluctuations. Cavity detunings cause laser phase noise to couple in and reduce the squeezing observable. Here we consider the effects of laser phase fluctuations on the output-squeezing spectrum. Laser phase noise is modeled as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (colored-noise) Gaussian stochastic process and its effects are compared with the white-noise limit. This indicates that the white-noise model may qualitatively overestimate the deleterious effects of laser fluctuations on sideband squeezing. We compare our results with the recently reported experiment of Pereira et al. [Phys. Rev. A 38, 4931 (1988)] and present an analysis of the empty cavity for comparison.
We apply the laser quantum Langevin equations derived in part I of this paper to the description of the laser intensity fluctuations when the external field entering the input - output port is in a squeezed vacuum state with finite bandwidth. We focus on the two opposite limits in which the detection time is much longer, or much shorter, than the inverse of the cavity linewidth. When there is detuning between the squeezed input and the laser frequency, the variance of the intensity fluctuations displays regular oscillations with frequency equal to the detuning. In the limit of small detection times there is the possibility of substantial reduction of the photon-number fluctuations using a squeezed input.
The multimode operation of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating below threshold is calculated. We predict that squeezing can be generated in a comb that is limited only by the phase matching bandwidth of the OPO. Effects of technical noise on the squeezing spectrum are investigated. It is shown that maximal squeezing can be obtained at high frequency even in the presence of seed laser noise and cavity length fluctuations. Furthermore the spectrum obtained by detuning the laser frequency off OPO cavity resonance is calculated.
The effect of squeezing on the degenerate parametric oscillator is studied. It is shown that when the ordinary-vacuum reservoir is replaced by a squeezed-vacuum reservoir, the maximum 50% limit of the second-order squeezing inside the cavity can be crossed. It is also shown that the mean number of photons increases considerably. An exact steady-state solution for the Fokker-Planck equation for the field mode is also presented. The photon distribution for the intracavity field and the higher-order variances have been obtained by using the solution of this equation.
Although an ideal degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) can generate perfect squeezing at the output of a one-sided optical cavity when operating just below threshold, its intracavity squeezing is limited to less than one-half (50%) of its perfect value. However, when two-level atoms are introduced into the DOPO cavity, the amount of intracavity squeezing can be enhanced, from its maximum value of 50%, to a maximum value of 75% in the good-cavity limit due to the strong interaction between the two-level atoms and the subharmonic field mode. This extra intracavity squeezing is significant in studying spectroscopy of atoms interacting with a squeezed field mode inside an optical cavity.