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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Influence of collisions on saturated-absorption profiles of the 557 nm line of Kr I

Catherine Bréchignac, Raymond J. Vetter, P. R. Berman

Published Dec 1, 1977• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Saturated-absorption profiles of the lines at lambda =557 nm involving the lowest metastable level of krypton show intense and broad Gaussian backgrounds due to thermalising collisions. These backgrounds are greatly reduced by the addition of xenon atoms which quench the metastable level. The variation of the amplitude of the background relative to the amplitude of the narrow absorption resonance versus pressure is quadratic in pure krypton and linear in mixtures of krypton and xenon. An interpretation of the results is given taking into account transit-time effects, while making use of published results for the quenching cross section.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/10/17/019

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Saturated-absorption profiles of the lines at lambda =557 nm involving the lowest metastable level of krypton show intense and broad Gaussian backgrounds due to thermalising collisions. These backgrounds are greatly reduced by the addition of xenon atoms which quench the metastable level. The variation of the amplitude of the background relative to the amplitude of the narrow absorption resonance versus pressure is quadratic in pure krypton and linear in mixtures of krypton and xenon. An interpretation of the results is given taking into account transit-time effects, while making use of published results for the quenching cross section.
Collisions between rare-gas atoms in the 3 P 2 metastable state and in the ground state were studied. The metastable atoms were created by a discharge and oriented by optical pumping, and pressure broadening of their magnetic-resonance curves was measured. For xenon, mixtures of even and odd isotopes were used, leading to a determination of the cross section for metastability-exchange collisions. For krypton the results are reported for the disorientation of the metastable state in the natural gas. In addition the disorientation cross section has been measured of the krypton metastable state through collisions with helium.
Self-broadening of the 146.96 nm xenon line and 123.58 nm krypton line is studied in the density range 1-100 amagat (2.7 x 1019 — 2.7 × 1021 at. cm-3). The absorption profile is deduced from reflection experiments by a modified Kramers-Krönig analysis. A detailed discussion of the criteria for validity of available theories is given, allowing the determination of the extent to which the cases studied are related to many-body interactions and/or pure resonance forces. The quasistatic theory, in the nearest neighbour approximation, is shown to be valid for interpreting the far wings. Thus it is possible at increasing density, to underline the specific effect of the various kinds of forces : resonance, Van der Waals and repulsive, and to specify the 1u excited state potential which is found weakly attractive for Xe2 and Kr2.
An experiment analogous to a three-level absorption line-narrowing experiment is performed between atoms of two different species (krypton and xenon) connected by a resonant excitation transfer. Results show that the hole burned in the velocity distribution of krypton atoms is transferred to xenon ones. This effect is interpreted by introducing a cross-collision kernel. Analysis of the experimental line shapes is consistent with a Gaussian shape of this kernel, whose width is found to be pressure independent.
Three-photon excitation and multiphoton ionization techniques have been used to measure self-broadening for several resonance lines in xenon and krypton. Tabulations of widths and shifts of the xenon lines at 146.9, 129.6, 119.2, and 117.0 nm were made for pressures between 50 and 900 Torr. Similar measurements were made for the krypton resonance line at 116.5 nm. For pressures less than 500 Torr the widths were found to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical results, which were extrapolated into regions of concentration where the criteria for their validity are at best questionable. We have also found the lines to be shifted to the high-energy side of the unperturbed line. For four of the five lines studied, the blue shifts increased nearly linearly with increasing pressure. In the four cases where the shift could be measured the ratio of shift to width was close to (1/2. Our experimental technique is very simple, but it has yielded what we believe to be the first resonance broadening data based on absorption under conditions where there is strong trapping of the resonance radiation.