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Chinese Physics B

Characterization of a velocity-tunable 87 Rb cold atomic source with a high-speed imaging technology

Feng Yan-Ying, Zhu Chang-Xing, Wang Xiao-Jia, Hongbo Xue, Xiongying Ye, Zhou Zhaoying

Published Jul 31, 2009• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper has developed and characterized a method to produce a velocity-tunable 87 Rb cold atomic source for atomic interferometry application. Using a high speed fluorescence imaging technology, it reports that the dynamic process of the atomic source formation is observed and the source performances including the flux and the initial velocity are characterized. A tunable atomic source with the initial velocity of 1.4∼2.6 m/s and the atomic source flux of 2 × 10 8 ∼ 6 × 10 9 atoms/s has been obtained with the built experimental setup.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/18/8/042

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This paper has developed and characterized a method to produce a velocity-tunable 87 Rb cold atomic source for atomic interferometry application. Using a high speed fluorescence imaging technology, it reports that the dynamic process of the atomic source formation is observed and the source performances including the flux and the initial velocity are characterized. A tunable atomic source with the initial velocity of 1.4∼2.6 m/s and the atomic source flux of 2 × 10 8 ∼ 6 × 10 9 atoms/s has been obtained with the built experimental setup.
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We demonstrate an experimental setup for the production of a beam source of cold 87Rb atoms. The atoms are extracted from a trapped cold atomic cloud in an unbalanced three-dimensional magneto—optical trap. Via a radiation pressure difference generated by a specially designed leak tunnel along one trapping laser beam, the atoms are pushed out continuously with low velocities and a high flux. The most-probable velocity in the beam is varied from 9 m/s to 19 m/s by varying the detuning of the trapping laser beams in the magneto—optical trap and the flux can be tuned up to 4×109 s−1 by increasing the intensity of the trapping beams. We also present a simple model for describing the dependence of the beam performance on the magneto—optical trap trapping laser intensity and the detuning.
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We present an experimental set-up for the production of a beam source of cold 87Rb atoms, which is formed from a trapped cold atomic cloud in a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap (MOT). Via a radiation pressure difference generated by a specially designed leak tunnel along one trapping laser beam, the atoms are pushed out continuously with low velocity and high flux. The beam was measured to have a mean velocity of 12m/s and a longitudinal velocity spread of about 3m/s under nominal experimental conditions, based on the fluorescence and the time of flight (TOF) technologies. And its flux can be tuned by adjusting the MOT parameters from 108 to 109 atoms/s. Especially the beam performance dependence on trapping laser detuning and power is experimentally studied.
We demonstrate and characterize a high-flux beam source for cold, slow atoms or molecules. The desired species is vaporized using laser ablation, then cooled by thermalization in a cryogenic cell of buffer gas. The beam is formed by particles exiting a hole in the buffer gas cell. We characterize the properties of the beam (flux, forward velocity, temperature) for both an atom (Na) and a molecule (PbO) under varying buffer gas density, and discuss conditions for optimizing these beam parameters. Our source compares favorably to existing techniques of beam formation, for a variety of applications.
We present the design, construction, and characterization of an integrated cold atomic beam source for strontium (Sr), which is based on a compact Zeeman slower for slowing the thermal atomic beam and an atomic deflector for selecting the cold flux. By adopting arrays of permanent magnets to produce the magnetic fields of the slower and the deflector, we effectively reduce the system size and power compared to traditional systems with magnetic coils. After the slower cooling, one can employ additional transverse cooling in the radial direction and improve the atom collimation. The atomic deflectors employ two stages of two-dimensional magnetic-optical trapping (MOT) to deflect the cold flux, whose atomic speed is lower than 50 m/s, by 20° from the thermal atomic beam. We characterize the cold atomic beam flux of the source by measuring the loading rate of a three-dimensional MOT. The loading rates reach up to 109 atoms/s. The setup is compact, highly tunable, lightweight, and requires low electrical power, which addresses the challenge of reducing the complexity of building optical atomic clocks and quantum simulation devices based on Sr.