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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Dipole nano-laser

Игорь Евгеньевич Проценко, Alexander V. Uskov, Ksenia E. Krotova, Eoin P. O’Reilly

Published Mar 1, 2008• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Theoretically predicted ''dipole lasing'', i.e., spontaneous excitation of coherent metal nano-particle dipole oscillations through interaction with a quantum-dot two-level system subject to population inversion is demonstrated. Equations for dipole lasing are the same as equations for ordinary laser, where the dipole momentum of nano-particle stands for the electromagnetic field cavity mode. Dipole lasing frequency corresponds to the localized plasmon resonance of the nano-particle. Dipole momentum of nano-particle leads to coherent dipole radiation. Optical cavity is not necessary, the size of the dipole laser can be smaller than the optical wavelength, i.e. it is dipole nano-laser. Threshold conditions and optical bistability in dipole nano-lasers are considered.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/107/1/012010

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Relaxation dynamics of a quantum emitter resonantly coupled to a coherent state of a localized surface plasmon

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We investigate the relaxation dynamics of a quantum dipole emitter (QDE), e.g., a molecule or quantum dot, located near a metal nanoparticle (MNP) exhibiting a dipolar localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at the frequency of the QDE radiative transition. A generic three-level QDE, which is pumped with an external laser pulse and thereby brought into an optically active excited state, is considered to be weakly coupled to the resonant LSP described by a coherent state. It is shown that, under the condition of the QDE-MNP characteristic relaxation time being much shorter than that of the QDE in free space but much longer than the LSP lifetime, the QDE relaxation dynamics can be described analytically and feature, in general, non-exponential decay with complicated transient behaviour. The main physical consequence of this relaxation process is that the emission, being largely determined by the MNP, comes out with a substantial delay. It is also shown that energy dissipation in the QDE-MNP system is relatively weak with the probability of the photon emission being ∼0.75, a number which, rather surprisingly, does not explicitly depend on the metal absorption characteristics. A large number of QDE-MNP system parameters in our analytical description open new possibilities for controlling quantum emitter dynamics.

Faraday Discussions•Oct 20, 2014•8 citations
Theoretically predicted ''dipole lasing'', i.e., spontaneous excitation of coherent metal nano-particle dipole oscillations through interaction with a quantum-dot two-level system subject to population inversion is demonstrated. Equations for dipole lasing are the same as equations for ordinary laser, where the dipole momentum of nano-particle stands for the electromagnetic field cavity mode. Dipole lasing frequency corresponds to the localized plasmon resonance of the nano-particle. Dipole momentum of nano-particle leads to coherent dipole radiation. Optical cavity is not necessary, the size of the dipole laser can be smaller than the optical wavelength, i.e. it is dipole nano-laser. Threshold conditions and optical bistability in dipole nano-lasers are considered.
A ``dipole'' laser is proposed consisting of a nanoparticle and a two-level system with population inversion. If the threshold conditions are fulfilled, the dipole interaction between the two-level system and the nanoparticle leads to coherent oscillations in the polarization of the particles, even in the absence of an external electromagnetic field. The emitted radiation has a dipolar distribution. It does not need an optical cavity, and has a very small volume, $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$, which can be important for applications in microelectronics. Estimates of the threshold conditions are carried out for a dipole laser composed of a quantum dot and a silver nanoparticle.
Using the Langevin formalism we study the effects an external electromagnetic field induces in a system made of a pumped two-level system (TLS) and a metallic nano-particle (NP) that interact together via their near-fields. The surface plasmons of the NP greatly enhance the scattered light. With the absence of the external EM field the spectral width of the scattered light is broader than that of the system, covering almost the entire optical range. However, with the inclusion the external EM field, a reduction in the spectral width of the scattered light of order of 10–50 times below that of the system is observed for certain parameter regimes.This system exhibits also bistability in the population difference of the TLS with the external field acting as an order parameter, but only for certain values of the noise quanta.
Abstract The radiation spectrum of an elementary spaser (dipole nanolaser) interacting with an external low-frequency monochromatic driving field below the lasing threshold is investigated within the model approach. The mathematical model of the spaser includes (i) a plasmonic oscillatory mode of a metal nanoparticle interacting with an asymmetric single-electron two-level semiconductor quantum dot with broken spatial inversion symmetry in which inverse population is maintained by incoherent pumping and (ii) a dissipative environment interacting with both the plasmonic nanoparticle and the quantum dot. It is shown that one can effectively control the radiation spectrum of the spaser by varying the amplitude and frequency of the low-frequency field.
Recent technological advances allow entire optical systems to be lithographically implanted on small silicon chips. These systems include tiny semiconductor lasers that function as light sources for digital optical signals. Future advances will rely on even smaller components. At the theoretical limit of this process, the smallest lasers will have an active medium consisting of a single atom (natural or artificial). Several suggestions for how this can be accomplished have already been published, such as nano-lasers based on photonic crystals and nano wires. In particular, the "dipole nanolaser" consists of a single quantum dot functioning as the active medium. It is optically coupled to a metal nanoparticles that form a resonant cavity. Laser light is generated from the near-field optical signal. The proposed work is a theoretical exploration of the nature of the resulting laser light.\nThe dynamics of the system will be studied and relevant time scales described. These will form the basis for a set of operator equations describing the quantum properties of the emitted light. The dynamics will be studied in both density matrix and quantum Langevin formulations, with attention directed to noise sources. The equations will be linearized and solved using standard techniques. The result of the study will be a set of predicted noise spectra describing the statistics of the emitted light. The goal will be to identify the major noise contributions and suggest methods for suppressing them. This will be done by studying the probability of getting squeezed light from the nanoparticle for the certain scheme of parameters.
Optically controlled dipole-dipole interaction at submicrometers and subwavelength scales leads to many interesting phenomenon and remarkable potential applications in quantum optics, condensed matter physics, and today’s micro-devices. In this dissertation, we study the applications of quantum optical coherence to nano-optics in the following systems and aspects. On the one hand, chiral metamaterials has been previously reported as excellent candidates to realize both attractive and repulsive Casimir forces, where the existence of a repulsive Casimir force depends upon the strength of the chirality. On the other hand, nanoscale integration of metal nanoparticles and semiconductors is particularly interesting because the strengths of both materials are combined in such a hybrid system. In the first part of this work, we proposed a technical scheme to coherently control of the Casimir interaction energy with two identical chirality mediums. We took explicit caution regarding the requirements of passivity and causal response of the materials, since these requirements are essential for the application of the Lifshitz formula. The rare-earth metals’ atomic species, for instance, dysprosium, is proposed as an applicable medium for the forthcoming studies of possible experimental implementation of our technique. Secondly, we fully investigated the coherent control of the quantum optical properties of spontaneous emission spectra of a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a metallic nanoparticle. The properties of the spontaneous emission spectra of such a system are studied in detail with and without involving the coherent field. The Rabi splitting effect in the spectrum emitted by the quantum dot under particular conditions is predicted for different sizes of the metal nanoparticles. We show that the spontaneous emission spectra of the transition coupled to surface plasmons may be further modified by adjusting the external coherent control on the adjacent transitions. In the third part, we propose a robust protocol to study the entanglement generation in a hybrid structure consisting of two quantum dots in the proximity of a metallic nanoshell. The entanglement arises impulsively due to common coupling to the plasmonic nanostructure, without demanding postselective measurement or mediating the dissipative environment. The long-lived entangled states can be created deterministically by optimizing the shell thickness as well as the ratio of the distances between the quantum dots and the surface of the shell. The loss of the system is greatly reduced even when the quantum dots are ultraclose to the shell, which signifies a slow decay rate of the coherence information and longtime entanglement preservation.
We investigate the relaxation dynamics of a quantum dipole emitter (QDE), e.g., a molecule or quantum dot, located near a metal nanoparticle (MNP) exhibiting a dipolar localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at the frequency of the QDE radiative transition. A generic three-level QDE, which is pumped with an external laser pulse and thereby brought into an optically active excited state, is considered to be weakly coupled to the resonant LSP described by a coherent state. It is shown that, under the condition of the QDE-MNP characteristic relaxation time being much shorter than that of the QDE in free space but much longer than the LSP lifetime, the QDE relaxation dynamics can be described analytically and feature, in general, non-exponential decay with complicated transient behaviour. The main physical consequence of this relaxation process is that the emission, being largely determined by the MNP, comes out with a substantial delay. It is also shown that energy dissipation in the QDE-MNP system is relatively weak with the probability of the photon emission being ∼0.75, a number which, rather surprisingly, does not explicitly depend on the metal absorption characteristics. A large number of QDE-MNP system parameters in our analytical description open new possibilities for controlling quantum emitter dynamics.