Escape From Paradox

Kim Sterelny

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

We present comparative probabilistic analysis of the Greenburger-Horne-Zeilinger paradox in the frameworks of Kolmogorov's (measure-theoretical) and von Mises' (frequency) models of the probability theory. This analysis demonstrated that the GHZ paradox is merely a consequence of the use of Kolmogorov's probabilistic model. By using von Mises' frequency approach we escape the contradiction between the local realism and quantum formalism. The frequency approach implies automatically contextual interpretation of quantum formalism: different collectives induce different probability distributions. On the other hand, the formal use of Kolmogorov's model implies the identification of such distributions with one abstract Kolmogorov measure. In the measure-theoretical approach we can escape the paradox, if we do not suppose that probability distributions corresponding to different settings of measurement devices are equivalent. We discuss the connection between equivalence/singularity dichotomy in measure theory and the existence of compatible and noncompatible observables.

Alexander Afriat, F. Selleri

Stefano Longhi

Recently, it has been suggested that the collective radiative decay of two point-like quantum emitters coupled to a waveguide, separated by a distance comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon, leads to an apparent "superradiance paradox" by which one cannot decide whether independent or collective emission occurs. Here we suggest an integrated optics platform to emulate the superradiance paradox, based on photon escape dynamics in waveguide lattices. Remarkably, Markovian decay dynamics and independent photon emission can be restored by frequent (Zeno-like) observation of the system.

Ruth E. Kastner

Mohammad Reza Movahed Shariat Panahi

This paper addresses, based on the Movahed Energy Escape Factor (MEEF), three foundational questions: why quantum mechanics requires complex numbers, why particles appear point-like, and how time emerges. In the MEEF picture, complex phase reflects the energy phase of a confined state, the apparent point-likeness is an artefact of extreme confinement, and time arises as a consequence of energy confinement, with implications for measurement and for macroscopic objects