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Quantum Electronics

Effect of electromagnetically induced transparency on the spectrum of defect modes in a one-dimensional photonic crystal

В.Г. Архипкин, S. A. Myslivets

Published Feb 28, 2009• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We studied the transmission spectrum of a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a defect layer in which electromagnetically induced transparency is possible. The analysis is performed taking into account the spatial inhomogeneity of interacting fields in the photonic crystal. It is found that the transmission spectrum of such a photonic crystal depends on the spatial overlap of defect modes excited by probe and control radiations. It is shown that electromagnetically induced transparency can result in a considerable narrowing of the defect mode spectrum.

DOI
10.1070/qe2009v039n02abeh013813

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 6, 2014•1 citation
We studied the transmission spectrum of a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a defect layer in which electromagnetically induced transparency is possible. The analysis is performed taking into account the spatial inhomogeneity of interacting fields in the photonic crystal. It is found that the transmission spectrum of such a photonic crystal depends on the spatial overlap of defect modes excited by probe and control radiations. It is shown that electromagnetically induced transparency can result in a considerable narrowing of the defect mode spectrum.
We use electromagnetically induced transparency combined with coherent enhancement of refractive index in the conduction intersubband transitions of a n-doped quantum well structure to study one-dimensional functional (active) photonic band gap structures. In the absence of a control laser field, such structures act as conventional photonic band gaps created by off-resonant (background) refractive index perturbations. In the presence of the control field, they are transformed into resonant structures with transitions around the Bragg wavelength. We show that this process can be used to (i) destroy the band gap, making the structure fully transparent around the Bragg wavelength, or (ii) coherently tune the band gap while enhancing its width by nearly a factor of 2. Using these phenomena we then study coherent localization of electromagnetic modes in photonic band gap structures without having any structural defects. Such a localization process here happens via partial illumination of such structures by the control field, generating electromagnetically induced optical defects. We show that the phase associated with such defects can be adjusted by the control field, allowing us to generate tunable electromagnetically induced transmission resonances (or photonic electromagnetically induced transparency) within the band gap.
We study the transmission spectra of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a defect containing a four-level atomic medium that exhibits a greatly enhanced third-order susceptibility while having a vanishing linear susceptibility dependent on the electromagnetically induced transparency. Two ways of controlling the transmission of a photonic crystal are discussed: via absorption, i.e., nonlinear (two-photon) absorption of the probe field enhanced by constructive quantum interference, and via dispersion, which comes down to shifting the resonance frequency of the defect mode for the probe field by varying the refractive index based on the giant Kerr nonlinearity (cross-phase modulation). We demonstrate that such systems enable nonlinear all-optical switching at ultralow intensities of the coupling and switching laser fields.
Features of Raman gain of probe radiation in three-level atoms placed in a defect of a one-dimensional photonic crystal in the presence of laser radiation (pump) at an adjacent high-frequency transition have been theoretically investigated. It has been shown that there is a pump intensity range where narrow peaks (resonances) simultaneously appear in the transmission and reflection spectra of the probe field. Beyond this region, the peak in the transmission spectrum is transformed to a narrow dip. The spectral position of these peaks is determined by the Raman resonance and the transmittance and reflectance can be larger than unity at pump intensities from several microwatts per square centimeter to several tens of milliwatts per square centimeter. The nature of narrow peaks is due to a sharp dispersion of a nonlinear refractive index near the Raman resonance; this dispersion is responsible for a strong decrease in the group velocity of probe radiation. The proposed scheme makes it possible to obtain controlled ultranarrow resonances in the transmission and reflection spectra of the photonic crystal.
Using the Transfer matrix method to reserch the one-dimensional photonic crystal bandgap structure which is made of electromagnetically induced transparency atomic vapor.The results show that the photonic crystal bandgap can be manipulated by varying the refractive index of electromagnetically induced transparency atomic vapor.The EIT atomic vapor relative refractive index gradually increasing with the Rabi frequency.With the Rabi frequency gradually increasing,the band gap of the photonic crystal becomes more and more narrow,but the change is becoming slower.
In this paper, the analog to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the double-coupled one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities are proposed and experimentally observed. This EIT-like effect is due to the interference of two resonance modes and the leaky propagation mode. A nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) comb drive is used to align the two resonant wavelengths up, which is first used in the studies of the EIT-like effect. The fabrication of the device bases on the standard semiconductor process. Finally, the evolution of the EIT-like transmission spectrum with the applied voltages is shown in the last part of this paper.