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Optics and Spectroscopy

Transformation of intensity fluctuations in nonlinear reflection of light

Ya. A. Fofanov

Published May 1, 2003• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transformation of intensity fluctuations accompanying the nonlinear resonance reflection of light from a glass-resonant gas interface is discussed. The illumination of the interface at angles close to the critical angle for total internal reflection is found to have certain advantages over orthogonal incidence. At the maximum of the strongest resonance, the reflected light intensity amounts to more than 50% of the incident light. In these conditions, a squeezing of the amplitude (photon) fluctuations is observed in the radiation generated by a semiconductor laser-nonlinear selective reflector system. A simple semiclassical theory adequately describes some important characteristics of this system: the shape of the reflection resonances, the strength of the saturation fields, and so on.

DOI
10.1134/1.1576854

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The transformation of intensity fluctuations accompanying the nonlinear resonance reflection of light from a glass-resonant gas interface is discussed. The illumination of the interface at angles close to the critical angle for total internal reflection is found to have certain advantages over orthogonal incidence. At the maximum of the strongest resonance, the reflected light intensity amounts to more than 50% of the incident light. In these conditions, a squeezing of the amplitude (photon) fluctuations is observed in the radiation generated by a semiconductor laser-nonlinear selective reflector system. A simple semiclassical theory adequately describes some important characteristics of this system: the shape of the reflection resonances, the strength of the saturation fields, and so on.
This work is devoted to study of the strong selective reflection of obliquely incident laser beam (inclined geometry) from the interface "glass-rubidium vapour". It is shown that the contrast of the strongest refection resonances exceeds 500% at the moderate heating of reflecting cells. The new nonlinear properties of selective reflection resonances have been investigated - asymmetry of saturation of resonant total internal reflection (TIR) and nonlinear structures that appear under conditions close to resonant TIR. The observed structures can not be associated with well-known sub-Doppler resonances in selective reflection. The nonlinear structures described here do not have saturation properties in usual sense. They exist only in the inclined geometry and in a narrow range of saturating values of the surface power density at the interface. The transformation of the fluctuations of reflected light was also investigated at the optical saturation of selective reflection resonances. For this purpose the intensity of incident light was slightly modulated. The reduction of the corresponding intensity modulation was registered in the reflected light. This reduction of the intensity fluctuations ("classical squeezing") and the relatively high selective reflection coefficient offer good possibilities for the squeezing of quantum fluctuations in the reflected light. In the process of appropriate studies it was found that the reduction (squeezing) of photons (quantum) fluctuations in the reflected light beam is about of 5% in compare with the coherent light.
Selective reflection of a laser wave from a resonance gas is considered for arbitrary intensity, polarization, and angle of incidence on the interface. Variations of the reflection spectra nonlinear in the wave amplitude are studied taking into account the nonlinear increment of the optical phase upon reflection. The result of this increment is a quadrature component of the reflected wave shifted by a quarter period, which may be observed using the homodyning technique (optical mixing). The regularities studied are of interest both for spectroscopy and for nonlinear transformations in the quantum statistics of reflected light.
Selective reflection of a semiconductor laser beam by a resonant gas is studied. The experiments were performed under conditions where the laser frequency is determined by the laser cavity mode structure. In this case, characteristic steps—intensity quasi-levels—arise on the reflectivity resonances. It is shown that the height of the quasi-levels depends on the degree of saturation of the resonance reflection by the laser field. Low-noise reflectivity regimes with different sensitivities to external signals are found on these quasi-levels.
Nonlinear selective reflection of obliquely incident laser beam (inclined geometry) has been investigated. The new structures were detected on the tops of strong reflection resonances under conditions of optical saturation of the D2-lines in the natural mixture of rubidium isotopes. The detected nonlinear structures have not saturation properties in usual sense and exist only in the close area of saturating power density values. This phenomenon can be useful for the amplification the nonlinear characteristics of the optical interface in order to reduce the fluctuations of selective reflected light.
A relatively simple and highly efficient method for producing quantum fields with the sub-Poisson photon statistics is proposed. Suppression of the dispersion of quantum fluctuations of the intensity may amount to more than one order of magnitude compared with the intensity of coherent radiation. This is possible in a process of nonlinear saturation of a photon flux crossing an interface between two dielectrics, the first of which is linear and the second is characterized by a refractive index dependent on the radiation intensity. The case of a reversed position of the two dielectrics is also considered. The use of such a nonlinear element as the exit mirror of a laser resonator is discussed.
A relatively simple and highly efficient method for producing quantum fields with the sub-Poisson photon statistics is proposed. Suppression of the dispersion of quantum fluctuations of the intensity may amount to more than one order of magnitude compared with the intensity of coherent radiation. This is possible in a process of nonlinear saturation of a photon flux crossing an interface between two dielectrics, the first of which is linear and the second is characterized by a refractive index dependent on the radiation intensity. The case of a reversed position of the two dielectrics is also considered. The use of such a nonlinear element as the exit mirror of a laser resonator is discussed.